HomeMy WebLinkAboutMinutes Corpus Christi Regional Transportation Authority - 04/02/2008 - Workshop bA1`d8 1920�Ta
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REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY
BUS PROCUREMENT WORKSHOP e� MAY 2008S,9
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 2008
5' CITY SECRETARY'S
SUMMARY OF ACTIONS `�'� OFFICE r ,
1. Staff Introductory Remarks and Bus Procurement Discussion — _��
2. Overview of Assessment Process
3. Analysis and Findings
a. Operational Issues
b. Environmental Benefits
c. LifeCycle Financial Analysis
4. Other Considerations and Discussion
Board Members Present: Crystal Lyons; Anna Flores; John Longoria; Dr. Maurice
Ports; Ricardo Ramon; Mike Rendon; Sara Salvide; Judy Telge; John Valls
Board Members Absent: Mannti Cummins; David Martinez
Staff Present: Ricardo Sanchez (General Manager), David Seiler, Beth Vidaurri, Elias
Sissamis, Ponch Carrillo, Ed Carrion, Sylvia Castillo, Ramon Sanchez, Lamont Taylor
Public Present: Martha Gray, League of Women Voters; Abel Alonzo; Jeffrey Arndt,
Research Scientist, with Texas Transit Institute
Call to Order
Ms. Lyons called the meeting to order 10:31 a.m.
Staff Introductory Remarks and Bus Procurement Discussion
Following a historical review, Mr. Seiler stated that in September 2007 a Request for
Proposals (RFP) had been issued for bus procurement to replace thirty-seven buses
over the next four years. In response to the Board's interest in using alternative fuels,
the proposers were asked to submit proposals for three primary fuel/propulsion
systems: compressed natural gas (CNG); ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD); and diesel
hybrid-electric. In October 2007, the Board approved entering into an
Intergovernmental Agreement with the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) for
assistance in analyzing the alternative fuel and propulsion systems offered in responses
to the RFP. A review committee was formed to evaluate the criteria used in TTI's
assessment.
In summary, Mr. Seiler stated that at the April 22, 2008 Operations Committee, staff
would be requesting action from the Board on the fuel technology, based on the Board's
guidance after this workshop, and for approval to proceed with the bus procurement.
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Mr. Sanchez introduced Mr. Jeffrey Arndt, Research Scientist, with TTI. He cited Mr.
Arndt's experience and education background.
Overview of Assessment Process
Mr. Arndt explained that his team had conducted interviews with RTA Board Members
as well as with RTA staff and key community leaders. Mr. Arndt explained his
PowerPoint presentation was organized into three sections: 1) operational issues; 2)
environmental benefits; and 3) life cycle costs. He pointed out the Board Members'
interest in examining alternative fuels were environmental benefits, operating cost
savings, decreased reliance on foreign fuel, decreased exposure to fuel price volatility,
and the opportunity to partner with the City of Corpus Christi to provide natural gas
products,and be a leader in the community
Referencing industry operating experience, Mr. Arndt displayed charts depicting the
national fueling composition of bus fleets in the United States. Based on the 2006
National Transit database, he stated that 79% of the fleets were fueled by diesel and
21% were fueledby alternative fuels— CNG, Hybrid, or dual. The predominate
alternative fuel used was CNG.
Regarding CNG, Mr. Arndt noted that since 2004 only about 5% of agencies had
entered the CNG market. Beginning 2007new bus procurements must be completed
with 2007 emissions standards. Many transit agencies were deliberating their fuel
choices due to the changing standards. He cited four large agencies that had CNG
reversed their position and moved into using clean diesel and/or electric hybrid. They
were New York City; Washington, DC; Boston; and Cleveland Ohio. Atlanta, Georgia
maintained their commitment to CNG.
Discussing hybrid, Mr. Arndt said that based on the 2007 American Public
Transportation Association survey, hybrids represent 22% of buses on order.
Reviewing major Texas transit systems fleet composition, Mr. Arndt stated that 70% of
El Paso's fleet was natural gas and Fort Worth was at 100%. Laredo's fleet was 70%
CNG and 30% diesel. Houston, Dallas, Austin and San Antonio were 100% diesel.
In response to Mr. Rendon, Mr. Arndt replied that the Dallas Area Transit Agency
(D.A.R.T.) appeared to be making a change to clean diesel instead of continuing with
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) based on economic analysis. He noted that every
circumstance has different considerations.
Speaking about the current fuel commitments of Texas systems, Mr. Arndt reported that
El Paso and Fort Worth were committed to CNG; Laredo was going from their 70/30
CNG/Diesel split to 50/50; Houston was ordering hybrids; Dallas was moving from LNG
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to diesel; and both Austin and San Antonio were replacing a few of their diesel buses
with a few hybrids. He noted that Fort Worth and El Paso had the needed infrastructure
for CNG and were satisfied with the fleet's performance. Houston was not in a position
to operate either CNG or LNG fleet.
Mr. Arndt explained that CNG early generation vehicle concerns, equipment sensitivity,
vehicle range, and fueling time, were no longer a concern. He pointed out that natural
gas ventilates naturally. Also with proper training and caution, safety would not be an
issue. The primary concern was the high pressure of the system. To operate a CNG
station, Mr. Arndt said that maintenance personnel would require training and a
dedicated staff position would be necessary for the fueling station. Additional staff could
be needed in the early stages, but that the long-term staffing requirement would be only
nominally more than diesel. The Bus Drivers would need orientation to the new system
components and reassurance regarding the fuel safety.
The Technical Review group had identified three issues. During a regional evacuation,
if needed, CNG fueling stops would need to be pre-planned; only Cummins made the
CNG engine; and the primary CNG fuel supplier would be the City of Corpus Christi.
This would provide an opportunity to partner with the City on this project.
In summary, Mr. Arndt said that all three fuel options would introduce new technology
with CNG introducing the largest change. He commented that CNG was a mature
technology that would be able to meet the operability requirements. Hybrid buses were
a less mature technology; diesel was a standard technology; and electric hybrid buses
were achieving maturity. He stated that diesel and CNG operability were comparable.
Addressing the environmental benefits, Mr. Arndt provided an overview of Corpus
Christi's air quality history. He stated that the City was still in conformance with new
EPA standards. The two pollutants and emission components were NOx and PM
(particulate matter). He explained that NOx interacted with sunlight and other emissions
which produced ground level ozone, an element that determined non-attainment.
Particulate Matter (PM) are fine particles and water droplets that are inhaled. Both of
these irritate lungs and create respiratory problems.
Mr. Arndt stated that NOx levels were the primary level of vulnerability for Corpus
Christi. On-road vehicles, using 1998 standard buses, contributed 26.9% and RTA's 75
vehicles contributed 0.36% of the region's NOx. He reviewed the historical, present,
and future NOx and PM standards set by EPA.
A varied discussion ensued regarding the potential health impact diesel fumes have on
riders and mechanics.
Referencing greenhouse gases, Mr. Arndt reported that 82% of gases are carbon
dioxide, which is the heaviest gas, and is generated by burning of fuel and leads to
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global warming. ULS diesel or CNG emissions are equivalent and hybrid provides a
small advantage.
In summary, Mr. Arndt stated that current diesel and CNG engines produced similar
levels of greenhouse gases and PM (particulate matter); comparing diesel bus
emissions of NOx between 1991 and 2007 —.diesel buses reduced NOx by 76%, and
CNG buses reduced NOx by 96%; by 2010 diesel and CNG buses would produce
equivalent emissions levels with hybrid providing the largest total reduction in
emissions.
Discussing life cycle costs, Mr. Arndt referenced a cost model developed by West
Virginia University in 2007. He explained that he had modified the model to reflect
current information or information specific to Corpus Christi RTA. Drivers' wages were
not included in the analysis. The model was based on all 75 RTA buses using the same
fuels.
Mr. Arndt explained the basis of his capital cost assumptions: 1) the capital costs were
spread over the lifetime of either vehicle (12 years) and facility (15 years); 2) bus fleet
assumed at 75, operating 37,000 miles annually; 3) based on 40 foot bus; 4) all dollars
were constant, assuming no debt; and 5) translated all the "cost per bus per mile" over
the lifetime of the bus.
The vehicle cost analysis model, minus the RTA-specified ITS and special chassis
costs, as explained by Mr. Arndt, used the lowest cost of each of the types of vehicles
based upon the pricing received in the proposals with the exception of the experimental
hybrid bus received in one proposal. The CNG bus price was $409,963; the ULDS bus
price was $319,240; and the hybrid bus price was $522,240.
The next cost factor discussed by Mr. Arndt was for facility infrastructure (refueling
station). He noted that only the CNG option incurred incremental additional refueling
station costs. With a two compressor facility, the estimated cost was $4 million and
would provide redundancy to address any potential problems.
Discussing station modifications, Mr. Arndt stated that for CNG, significant modifications
to the inside of the garage related to safety would be needed such as gas sensing and
forced venting. He used the median value of$875,000 for these modifications. If hybrid
was used, modifications to provide for battery charging would have an estimated cost of
$140,000. Both modification costs were spread over a 15-year life.
In summary, Mr. Arndt stated that the capital cost per bus mile, using his model was
$0.719 for ULS diesel; $1.039 for CNG; and $1.180 for hybrid.
Reviewing the operating cost assumptions, Mr. Arndt stated that fuel economy based on
miles per gallon was 3.27 for CNG; 3.78 for ULSD; and 4.58 for hybrid. He detailed the
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references used for estimating the fuel costs per bus mile. The updated 2008 fuel costs
per bus mile were $0.46 (or$.51/gal) for CNG; $0.68 (or$2.57/gal) for ULSD; and $0.57
for hybrid. Mr. Arndt pointed out that diesel and natural gas costs had a high degree of
correlation and that was why Laredo was moving towards a 50/50 mix.
Referencing propulsion-related system maintenance costs, Mr. Arndt stated that since
the costs were less than 10% of the total, the differences were not significant.
Concerning facility operations and maintenance cost, Mr. Arndt said that for the
compression of the CNG fuel, he added an incremental electricity cost of$0.05 per mile
over diesel. Battery maintenance for hybrids was estimated at $40,000 per replacement
cost every 6 years.
The Board was informed by Mr. Arndt about the following fuel related benefits: a State
rebate on diesel fuel of$0.005 per gallon; a tax credit of$0.50 per 121 cubic fee of
CNG which expires on September 30, 2009; a tax credit for 30% of refueling equipment
up to $30,000 which expires on December 31, 2009; a tax credit on vehicles for 80% of
incremental cost of vehicle up to $32,000, and that a Texas Emission Reduction
Program (TERP) funding was not available to the Corpus Christi region.
In summary, Mr. Arndt cited the following compiled operating cost per bus mile
projection: ULS diesel at $0.892; CNG at $0.713; and hybrid at $0.938.
Updating the Board on the impact the proposed 2010 technology changes would have,
Mr. Arndt said that diesel fuel cost would likely increase; installation of UREA tanks
would be required that would equate to an added vehicle cost. No upgrades would be
required for the CNG technology, and the cost of operate CNG buses would not
increase because they were already 2010 compliant. The additional cost for CNG
would drop to $214,425 per year and hybrid would drop to $1.289 million per year.
In conclusion, Mr. Arndt said that all options are "near operational"; all fuels were "clean"
compared to the fleet being replaced; all fuels would be equivalently "clean" by 2010;
and even with the operating savings of the alternative fuel systems, CNG and hybrid did
not off-set their initial capital investment.
Mr. Arndt explained that the primary reason for RTA to change to alternative fuel would
be for: (1) environmental benefits; (2) operating cost savings; (3) decreased reliance on
foreign fuel; (4) decreased exposure to price volatility; and 0 the opportunity to "partner"
with the City if it were to convert its heavy fleet to CNG.
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Other considerations and discussion
Responding to Ms. Telge, Mr. Arndt stated that the funding sources for the vehicle
procurement would be explained by staff when it was presented to the Board for
approval.
Ms. Salvide inquired about the impact each option would have on the operating budget.
Mr. Sissamis responded that according to the TTI analysis, prior to the 2010
technological changes in fuel emissions standards, the annual impact of each option
would be an additional cost of$391,000 for the CNG alternative and $1.4 million for the
hybrid alternative. After 2010 the potential additional cost would be $214,000 for CNG,
assuming receipt of the tax credit, and $1.3 million for hybrid compared to running a
diesel based fleet.
Ms. Lyons noted two variables that could affect the budget impact such as entering into
partnerships and different fuel pricing over the life of the improvements. Staff also
confirmed that it was not yet certain, though very likely, that the diesel manufacturers
will be able to comply with the 2010 emissions standards. There was also discussion
on the possibility that alternative fuel incentives could be extended beyond the planned
sunset expirations.
If the Board chose the hybrid or CNG option, Mr. Sissamis responded that the Agency
would likely be required to purchase fewer buses to offset the additional capital costs
per bus.
Ms. Lyons pointed out that Mr. Sissamis' estimated cost impact was based on a 20-year
life cycle model and Mr. Arndt had used a 15-year life cycle model.
There was a brief discussion on the hybrid technology. The consensus of the Board
was that Staff was not to pursue the hybrid technology.
Ms. Lyons stated that more information was needed regarding potential funding options.
A brief discussion ensued regarding community partnerships for operating an alternative
fuel fleet. The consensus of the Board was that Staff explore viable partnerships.
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Adjournment
There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 12:34 p.m.
Dr. Maurice Po is, Board Secretary
Date