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Home My WebLink AboutMinutes City Council - 07/15/2025I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the minutes of the Regular Meeting of the Corpus Christi City Council of July 15, 2025 which were approved by the City Council on July 22, 2025. WITNESSETH MY HAND AND SEAL, on this the 22nd day of July 2025. (SEAL) e-ALCC/Iitt Id Rebecca Huerta City Secretary Corpus Christi, Texas City of Corpus Christi Rebecca Huerta, City Secretary P.O. Box 9277 Corpus Christi, Texas 78469-9277 (361) 826-3105 rebeccah@cctexas.com SCANNED City of Corpus Christi Meeting Minutes City Council 1201 Leopard Street Corpus Christi, TX 78401 cctexas.com Tuesday, July 15, 2025 11:30 AM Council Chambers Addendums may be added on Friday. A. Mayor Paulette Guajardo to call the meeting to order. Mayor Guajardo called the meeting to order at 11:40 a.m. B. Invocation to be given by Chaplin Rodney Appleby with the Corpus Christi Fire Department. Chaplin Rodney Appleby with the Corpus Christi Fire Department gave the invocation. C. Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States and to the Texas Flag to be led by Hewett Williams, 2nd grader at Annapolis Christian Academy. Hewett Williams, 2nd grader at Annapolis Christian Academy, led the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Texas Flag. D. City Secretary Rebecca L. Huerta to call the roll of the required Charter Officers. City Secretary Rebecca Huerta called the roll and verified that a quorum of the City Council and the required Charter Officers were present to conduct the meeting. Charter Officers: City Manager Peter Zanoni, City Attorney Miles Risley and City Secretary Rebecca Huerta Present: 9 - Council Member Roland Barrera,Council Member Carolyn Vaughn,Council Member Gil Hernandez,Council Member Sylvia Campos,Mayor Paulette Guajardo,Council Member Eric Cantu,Council Member Mark Scott,Council Member Kaylynn Paxson, and Council Member Everett Roy E. PUBLIC COMMENT F. BOARD & COMMITTEE APPOINTMENTS: (ITEM 1) 1. 25-1033 Airport Board Planning Commission Airport Zoning Commission Airport Board: Appointed: Mark Almaguer City of Corpus Christi Page 1 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Planning Commission and Airport Zoning Commission: Reappointed: Mike A. Munoz and Trey Teichelman Appointed: Matthew Evan Teifke II G. EXPLANATION OF COUNCIL ACTION: H. CONSENT AGENDA: (ITEMS 2 - 15) Approval of the Consent Agenda Mayor Guajardo referred to the Consent Agenda. Item 2 was pulled for individual consideration. Council Member Paxson moved to approve the consent agenda with the exception of Item 2, seconded by Council Member Hernandez. The motion carried by the following vote: Aye: 9 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 2. 25-1017 Approval of the May 8, 2025 Workshop Meeting Minutes, June 17, 2025 and June 24, 2025 Regular Meeting Minutes. Council Member Paxson pulled this item to correct Item 33 on the June 17, 2025 minutes as follows: "Mayor and council comments and discussion be mindful of intentionality to hold more effective meetings." Council Member Paxson moved to approve the minutes as corrected, seconded by Council Member Hernandez. The Minutes were approved with the following vote: Aye: 9 Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 Consent - Second Reading Ordinances 3. 25-0822 Ordinance authorizing acceptance of a grant from the Executive Office of the President, Office of National Drug Control Policy, for overtime for two sworn officers and lease payments on two vehicles for identification and disruption of narcotics trafficking as part of the FY 2025 Texas Coastal Corridor High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Initiative in an amount of $41,800.00; and appropriating $41,800.00 in the Police Grants Fund. This Ordinance was passed on second reading on the consent agenda. Enactment No: 033681 City of Corpus Christi Page 2 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 4. 25-0923 Ordinance ratifying the acceptance of an amendment in the amount of $6,329 increasing the HOME Investment Partnerships Program - American Rescue Plan (HOME -ARP) grant M-21-MP-48-0502 from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; and amending the Fiscal Year 2025 budget by appropriating $6,329 into Grant Fund 9045. This Ordinance was passed on second reading on the consent agenda. Enactment No: 033682 Consent - Contracts and Procurement 5. 25-0426 Motion authorizing execution of a one-year cooperative purchase agreement, with two one-year options, with Fastenal Company, of Winona, Minnesota, with an office in Corpus Christi, through the Sourcewell Cooperative, in an amount up to $600,000.00, with a potential up to $1,800,000.00, for the purchase of operational supplies and personal protective equipment through a managed inventory program for Corpus Christi Water, with FY 2025 funding of $600,000.00 from the Water Fund. This Motion was passed on the consent agenda. Enactment No: M2025-082 6. 25-0766 Motion authorizing execution of a one-year supply agreement, with two one-year options, with Ferguson Enterprises, LLC, in an amount up to $280,745.42, with a potential up to $842,236.26 if options are exercised, for the purchase of meter boxes and lids for Corpus Christi Water, with FY 2025 funding of $280,745.42 from the Water Fund. This Motion was passed on the consent agenda. Enactment No: M2025-083 7. 25-1022 Motion authorizing a three-month service agreement with April L. Trejo, dba Alice Lawn Care, of Orange Grove in the amount of $129,474.50 for replacement of fencing at the Garcia Softball Complex, adjacent to Salinas Park located in City Council District 3, for the Parks & Recreation Department, with FY 2025 funding from CDBG Funds. This Motion was passed on the consent agenda. Enactment No: M2025-084 8. 25-1023 Resolution authorizing a six-month service agreement with Progressive Commercial Aquatics, LLC, dba Landmark Aquatic, of Austin, through the BuyBoard Cooperative, in an amount not to exceed $239,875.00 for completion of the Greenwood Pool Filter Renovation project for the Parks & Recreation Department, with FY 2025 funding from CDBG Funds. City of Corpus Christi Page 3 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 This Resolution was passed on the consent agenda. Enactment No: 033683 9. 25-1052 Motion authorizing execution of a three-month service agreement with Clearfield Construction, LLC, dba Alamo Decks and Fence, of San Antonio, in the amount of $208,845.00 for the New Bayview Cemetery Fence for the Parks & Recreation Department, with FY 2025 funding from CDBG Funds. This Motion was passed on the consent agenda. Enactment No: M2025-085 Consent - Capital Projects 10. 25-0862 Motion authorizing a professional services contract with HDR, Inc. of Corpus Christi to provide preliminary design services (Phase 1) for the South Side Water Transmission Grid Completion project to plan and prioritize interconnections between multiple water transmission mains to enhance the system's redundancy, improve chlorine residuals, and more effectively transport potable water around the City in an amount up to $285,716.00, located Citywide, with FY 2025 funding available from the Water Capital Fund. This Motion was passed on the consent agenda. Enactment No: M2025-086 Consent - First Reading Ordinances 11. 25-0646 Ordinance authorizing the appropriation of $40,000.00 in grant program income under the Motor Vehicle Crime and Prevention Authority grant in the Police Grants Fund; and authorizing the appropriation of $11,863.63 in insurance claim proceeds into the Police Grants Fund; and amending the FY 2025 Police Grants Fund Budget by a total amount of $51,863.63. This Ordinance was passed on first reading on the consent agenda. 12. 25-0737 Ordinance authorizing submission of reimbursement requests to the Texas Department of Emergency Management, Coastal Bend Regional Advisory Council, Texas A&M University -Extension Service, and the Texas Emergency Medical Task Force; and, upon receipt of funds, accepting and appropriating in the Emergency Management Grants Fund for budgeting and accounting purposes; and execution of all necessary documents. This Ordinance was passed on first reading on the consent agenda. 13. 25-0981 Ordinance authorizing the acceptance of $30,000.00 from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, under the FY 2025 National Shelter Initiative Grant - Rescue Effect Campaign, for use by the Animal Care Services City of Corpus Christi Page 4 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Department for make-ready costs including adoption fees, microchips, vaccinations, testing, and spay/neuter surgery; and appropriating in the Animal Care Services Grant Fund. This Ordinance was passed on first reading on the consent agenda. 14. 25-0990 One -Reading ordinance authorizing execution of a construction contract with Southern Trenchless Solutions, LLC of La Feria, Texas, for the Defense Economic Adjustment Assistance Grant -Naval Air Station Corpus Christi Wastewater collection lines and Manholes Replacement Project in an amount up to $4,562,499.62 for the Total Base Bid Plus Additive Alternate No. 1; appropriating $2,951,340.62 from the U.S Department of the Navy; and amending the FY 2025 Operating and Capital Budgets, located in Council District 4, by $1,611,159.00 with FY 2025 funding available from the Community Development Grant Fund. This Ordinance was passed on emergency on the consent agenda. Enactment No: 033684 15. 25-0572 Ordinance authorizing the acceptance of $15,000.00 from the National Recreation & Park Association for use by the Parks & Recreation Department for the Heart Your Park Volunteer Days and appropriating $15,000.00 in the Parks & Recreation Grants Fund. This Ordinance was passed on first reading on the consent agenda. I. RECESS FOR LUNCH Mayor Guajardo recessed the Council meeting for lunch at 1:31 p.m. Executive Session Item 32 was held during the lunch recess. Mayor Guajardo reconvened the meeting at 2:35 p.m. J. PUBLIC HEARINGS: (ITEMS 16 - 18) 16. 25-0564 Ordinance abandoning, vacating, and closing 2.5193 acres of improved and unimproved public right-of-way identified as sections of Washington Street, Williams Avenue, Hatch Street, Summers Street, John Street, Dempsey Street, Priour Avenue, Nueces Street and Coke Street for no fee as provided in the Harbor Bridge Replacement Project Four Party Agreement. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 16. Interim Assistant City Manager Ernie De La Garza presented information on the following topics: ordinance; background; overview; proposed street closures and connectivity; recommended street closures and connectivity; and recommendation. Mayor Guajardo opened the public hearing. City of Corpus Christi Page 5 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Jim Klein, Corpus Christi, TX, spoke. Mayor Guajardo closed the public hearing. Council Member Roy moved to approve the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Barrera. This Ordinance was passed on first reading and approved with the following vote: Aye: 7 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Nay: 2 - Council Member Campos and Council Member Cantu Abstained: 0 17. 25-0263 Zoning Case No. ZN8534, Port of Corpus Christi Authority (District 1). Ordinance rezoning various properties along Lexington Avenue, located south of Minton Street and north of Martin Luther King Drive, from the "RS-6" Single -Family 6 District to the "IL" Light Industrial District; providing for a penalty not to exceed $2,000 and publication. (Planning Commission and Staff recommend approval). Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 17. Director of Development Services Michael Dice presented information on the following topics: zoning and land use; public notification; and staff analysis and recommendation. Mayor Guajardo opened the public hearing. Jim Klein, Corpus Christi, TX, spoke. Mayor Guajardo closed the public hearing. Council Member Barrera moved to approve the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Scott. This Ordinance was passed on first reading and approved with the following vote: Aye: 6 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Nay: 3 - Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos and Council Member Cantu Abstained: 0 18. 25-0787 Zoning Case No. ZN8553, Port of Corpus Christi Authority (District 1). Ordinance rezoning various properties at or near 1901 through 2202 Nueces Street, located north of Interstate Highway 37 (IH 37), along with portions of West Broadway Street, Washington Street, Williams Avenue, Hatch Street, Summers Street, John Street, Dempsey Street, Priour Street, Nueces Street and Coke City of Corpus Christi Page 6 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Street, from the "RM-1" Multifamily District and the "CN-1" Neighborhood Commercial District to the "IL" Light Industrial District; providing for a penalty not to exceed $2,000 and publication. (Staff recommends approval) (Planning Commission recommends denial of requested IH and a change to "IL" Light Industrial District in lieu of IH. Requires 3/4 favorable vote to overrule Planning Commission). Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 18. Director of Development Services Michael Dice presented information on the following topics: zoning and land use; public notification; and staff analysis and recommendation. Mayor Guajardo opened the public hearing. The following individuals spoke: Jason Hale, Corpus Christi, TX, Lamont Taylor, Corpus Christi, TX, Michael Miller, Corpus Christi, TX, James Klein, Corpus Christi, TX, Alex Flucke, Corpus Christi, TX, Tina Butler, Corpus Christi, TX, and Mariah Boone, Corpus Christi, TX. Mayor Guajardo closed the public hearing. Council Member Roy moved to approve the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Vaughn. This Ordinance was passed on first reading and approved with the following vote: Aye: 8 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Nay: 1 - Council Member Campos Abstained: 0 K. INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERATION ITEMS: (ITEMS 19 - 22) 19. 25-0867 Consideration and approval of an ordinance authorizing the issuance of "City of Corpus Christi, Texas Combination Tax and Limited Pledge Revenue Certificates of Obligation, Taxable Series 2025B" for solid waste improvements approved by City Council in the FY 2025 CIP Budget in an amount not to exceed $4,480,000, within set parameters and according to the plan of finance set by the City's financial advisors; providing for the payment of said certificates by the levy of an ad valorem tax upon all taxable property within the City and further securing said certificates by a lien on and pledge of the pledged revenues of the solid waste system; delegating authority to the City Manager, Assistant City Manager over Finance, Director of Finance and Procurement and certain other authorized officials to approve and execute documents relating to the issuance, sale and delivery of the certificates; enacting other provisions incident and related thereto; and providing an effective date. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 19. City of Corpus Christi Page 7 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Director of Finance Sergio Villasana presented information on the following topics: financing of capital projects; Bond 2022 voter authorization; Proposition A -streets; summary of financial transaction -tax exempt CO's; Certificates of Obligation; projects funded by CO's; summary of financial transactions-GO's; tax notes; and steps for issuance. Mayor Guajardo opened public comment. Rachel Caballero, Corpus Christi, TX, spoke. Mayor Guajardo closed public comment. Council Member Barrera move to approve the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Scott. This Ordinance was passed on first reading and approved with the following vote: Aye: 6 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott and Council Member Roy Nay: 2 - Council Member Hernandez and Council Member Paxson Abstained: 1 - Council Member Campos 20. 25-0868 Consideration and approval of an ordinance authorizing the issuance of "City of Corpus Christi, Texas, General Improvement and/or Refunding Bonds, Series 2025", for the second issuance of bonds from the Bond 2022 authorization for projects approved by the voters in November 2022 in an amount not to exceed $30,000,000 and or refinancings in an amount not to exceed $35,785,000 for the refunding, within set parameters and according to the plan of finance set by the City's financial advisors; levying a continuing direct annual ad valorem tax for the payment of the bonds; delegating authority to the City Manager, Assistant City Manager over Finance, Director of Finance and Procurement , and certain other authorized officials to approve and execute documents relating to the issuance, sale, and delivery of the bonds; enacting other provisions incident and related thereto; and providing for an effective date. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 20. Mayor Guajardo opened public comment. There were no comments from the public. Mayor Guajardo closed public comment. Council Member Paxson moved to approve the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Barrera. This Ordinance was passed on first reading and approved with the following vote: City of Corpus Christi Page 8 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Aye: 9 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 21. 25-0869 Consideration and approval of ordinance authorizing the issuance of City of Corpus Christi, Texas combination tax and limited pledge revenue certificates of obligation, series 2025A" for capital improvements to streets, public health and safety facilities, parks, public facilities, and storm water infrastructure approved by City Council in the FY 2025 CIP Budget in an amount not to exceed $38,720,000, within set parameters and according to the plan of finance set by the City's financial advisors; providing for the payment of said certificates by the levy of an ad valorem tax upon all taxable property within the City and further securing said certificates by a lien on and pledge of the pledged revenues of the solid waste system; delegating authority to the City Manager, Assistant City Manager over Finance, Director of Finance and Procurement and certain other authorized officials to approve and execute documents relating to the issuance, sale, and delivery of the certificates; enacting other provisions incident and related thereto; and providing an effective date. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 21. Director of Finance Sergio Villasana stated these projects were approved in the 2025 CIP budget. Mayor Guajardo opened public comment. Rachel Caballero, Corpus Christi, TX, spoke. Mayor Guajardo closed public comment. Council Member Barrera moved to approve the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Scott. This Ordinance was passed on first reading and approved with the following vote: Aye: 8 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Nay: 1 - Council Member Hernandez Abstained: 0 22. 25-1006 Consideration and approval of an ordinance authorizing the issuance of "City of Corpus Christi, Texas Limited Tax Notes, Series 2025", for public safety, vehicles and streets approved by City Council in the FY 2025 CIP Budget in an amount not to exceed $11,120,000; levying an annual ad valorem tax, within the limitations prescribed by law, for the payment of the obligations; delegating City of Corpus Christi Page 9 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 authority to the City Manager, Assistant City Manager over Finance, Director of Finance and Procurement to execute documents relating to the sale of the notes; enacting other provisions incident and related thereto; and providing an effective date. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 22. Director of Finance Sergio Villasana stated this item is to authorize tax notes. Mayor Guajardo opened public comment. There were no comments from the public. Mayor Guajardo closed public comment. Council Member Roy moved to approve the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Barrera. This Ordinance was passed on first reading and approved with the following vote: Aye: 9 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 L. BRIEFINGS: (ITEMS 23 - 25) 23. 25-0919 Briefing on City Proposed London AreaTax Increment Reinvestment Zone (TIRZ) #7 Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 23. Director of Economic Development Arturo Marquez presented information on the following topics: vision of TIRZ #7; process for creation of TIRZ; proposed TIRZ #7 boundary; proposed TIRZ #7 London Area; potential TIRZ #7 sub -zones; TIRZ #7 financing plan; TIRZ board composition; proposed timeline; and next steps after creation. 24. 25-1119 Briefing on the news released by the Department of Justice (DOJ) related to the former Global Spectrum, LP, d/b/a Oak View Group (OVG) Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Timothy Leiweke. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 24. City Attorney Miles Risley provided a briefing on the news released by the Department of Justice related to the former Chief Executive Officer of Oak View Group, Timothy Leiweke. 25. 25-0953 Briefing on the Inner Harbor Water Treatment Campus Update, including results from the Inner Harbor Ship Channel Near and Far Field Study City of Corpus Christi Page 10 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 25. Inner Harbor Desalination Program Management Office Director Brett Van Hazel, Aquatic/Coastal Ecologist Environmental Scientist Dave Buzan, Executive Vice President of Water Operations Kiewit Eric Sprinkle, and Principal of Environmental Engineer GHD Christopher Benjamin presented information on the following topics: presentation overview; 6/24/25 council action review; current project status update; project timeline; demonstration plant; future council topics; near and far field modeling; modeling results; modeling basis -software comparison; modeling basis -facility list; modeling basis; Inner Harbor permitted mixing zones; Near Field -diffuser design optimization; modeling salinity; Far Field -intake salinity; Far Field -model results at Harbor Bridge; modeling basis -mass balance evaluation; Far Field assessments summary; and modeling conclusions. M. COUNCIL REQUESTED ITEMS: (ITEM 26 - 30) 26. 25-1111 Reconsideration of "Ordinance amending the Roadway Master Plan Map and the Urban Transportation Plan Map of Mobility CC, transportation elements of the Comprehensive Plan of the City of Corpus Christi, by modifying County Road 22 between SH286 and County Road 43 from an A2 Arterial to a C1 Collector, modifying County Road 22 between County Road 43 and a proposed P1 Parkway from a C3 Collector to a C1 Collector, and modifying a planned road between County Road 22 and County Road 20A from a C3 Collector to a C1 Collector; amending related elements of the Comprehensive Plan of the City; and providing for publication," as submitted by Mayor Paulette Guajardo and Councilman Roland Barrera. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 26. Mayor Guajardo moved to reconsider the second reading of the ordinance, seconded by Council Member Barrera and passed unanimously. Council Member Hernandez moved to amend the ordinance to modify County Road 22 from SH286 and County Road 43 to a C1 Collector in sections 2 and 3, seconded by Council Member Cantu and passed unanimously. Council Member Hernandez moved to approve the ordinance as amended, seconded by Council Member Vaughn. This Ordinance was passed as amended and approved with the following vote: Aye: 9 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 Enactment No: M2025-087 City of Corpus Christi Page 11 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 27. 25-1121 Consider and act on amending public comment policy to allow each member of the public who desires to address the body regarding an item on an agenda or any other city related item at the 5:30 p.m. public comment period, as requested by Council Members Kaylynn Paxson, Gil Hernandez, Carolyn Vaughn. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 27. City Secretary Rebecca Huerta presented information on the following topics: background; Texas Open Meetings Act; changes to order of business; and administrative process. Mayor Guajardo opened public comment. Rachel Caballero, Corpus Christi, TX, spoke. Mayor Guajardo closed public comment. Council Member Paxson moved to approve the motion, seconded by Council Member Cantu. This Motion was passed and approved with the following vote: Aye: 9 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 Enactment No: M2025-088 28. 25-1123 Consider and act on having no requirement to sign up in advance to speak on an item on an agenda and allowing each member of the public who desires to speak to have three minutes time to speak, as requested by Council Members Kaylynn Paxson, Gil Hernandez, and Carolyn Vaughn. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 28. Mayor Guajardo opened public comment. Rachel Caballero, Corpus Christi, TX, spoke. Mayor Guajardo closed public comment. Council Member Paxson moved to approve the motion, seconded by Council Member Scott. This Motion was passed and approved with the following vote: Aye: 8 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Absent: 1 - Council Member Vaughn City of Corpus Christi Page 12 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Abstained: 0 Enactment No: M2025-089 29. 25-1124 Consider and act on amending the decorum of public comment to allow commentors the ability to ask questions with the understanding that the mayor, council and staff shall not answer any questions during the public comment period, as requested by Council Members Kaylynn Paxson, Gil Hernandez, and Carolyn Vaughn. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 29. Council Member Barrera moved to approve the motion, seconded by Council Member Hernandez. This Motion was passed and approved with the following vote: Aye: 9 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 Enactment No: M2025-090 30. 25-1125 Consider and act on allowing each member of the public who desires to address the body regarding an item on an agenda or any other city related item to have the ability to sign up for public comment starting the day before the meeting at 8:00 am and ending the day of the meeting at 4:00 pm, as requested by Council Members Kaylynn Paxson, Gil Hernandez, and Carolyn Vaughn. Mayor Guajardo referred to Item 30. Council Member Paxson moved to amend the cut off time to sign up for public comment from 5:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m., seconded by Council Member Hernandez and passed unanimously. Council Member Barrera moved to approve the motion as amended, seconded by Council Member Scott. This Motion was passed as amended and approved with the following vote: Aye: 9 - Council Member Barrera, Council Member Vaughn, Council Member Hernandez, Council Member Campos, Mayor Guajardo, Council Member Cantu, Council Member Scott, Council Member Paxson and Council Member Roy Abstained: 0 Enactment No: M2025-091 N. CITY MANAGER'S COMMENTS / UPDATE ON CITY OPERATIONS: (ITEM 31) 31. 25-1081 Update on Alternative Water Supply Projects City of Corpus Christi Page 13 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 This Item was withdrawn. O. EXECUTIVE SESSION: (ITEM 32) 32. 25-1120 Executive session pursuant to Texas Government Code § 551.071 and Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct Rule 1.05 to consult with attorneys concerning legal issues related to Global Spectrum, L.P., dba OVG360. This E-Session Item was discussed in executive session. P. GENERAL PUBLIC COMMENT Mayor Guajardo opened public comment. The following individuals spoke: Gail Anderson, Corpus Christi, TX, Samuel Aundra Fryer, Corpus Christi, TX, Taylor Garcia, Corpus Christi, TX, David Rowsey, Corpus Christi, TX, Jason Hale, Corpus Christi, TX, Wendell Williams, Corpus Christi, TX, Mark Muenster, Corpus Christi, TX, Eric Gonsoulin, Corpus Christi, TX, Judy Arnold, Corpus Christi, TX, David Gonsoulin, Corpus Christi, TX, Dale Switalla, Corpus Christi, TX, Rachel Caballero, Corpus Christi, TX, Lucas Comiskey, Corpus Christi, TX, Rocky Guerra, Corpus Christi, TX, Melissa Zamora, Corpus Christi, TX, Sage Jimenez, Corpus Christi, TX, Maggie Peacock, Corpus Christi, TX, Amanda Breland, Corpus Christi, TX, Beatriz Alvarado, Corpus Christi, TX, Madelyn Chapman, Corpus Christi, TX, Laramie Fain, Corpus Christi, TX, Genesis Bustamante, Corpus Christi, TX, Brittni Young, Corpus Christi, TX, Parker Holt, Austin, TX, John Blaha, Rockport, TX, Brian Donovan, Rockport, TX, JR Bockerstette, Corpus Christi, TX, David Loeb, Corpus Christi, TX, Susie Luna Saldana, Corpus Christi, TX, Chloe Torres, Corpus Christi, TX, Jake Hernandez, Corpus Christi, TX, Pamela Brouillard, Corpus Christi, TX, Emily Karlson, Corpus Christi, TX, Mark Muenster, Corpus Christi, Peter Moore, Corpus Christi, TX, Ruben Butler, Corpus Christi, TX, Alfred Williams, Corpus Christi, TX, Frank Ayala, Corpus Christi, TX, Isabel Araiza, Corpus Christi, TX, Lia Araiza Ortiz, Corpus Christi, TX, Becky Moeller, Corpus Christi, TX, Tina Butler, Corpus Christi, TX, Jessica Palitza, Corpus Christi, TX, Carol Lowe, Corpus Christi, TX, Armon Alex, Corpus Christi, TX, Aracely Martinez, Corpus Christi, TX, Monna Lytle, Corpus Christi, TX, Amanda Breland, Corpus Christi, TX, Beatriz Alvarado, Corpus Christi, TX, Madelyn Chapman, Corpus Christi, TX, Laramie Fain, Corpus Christi, TX, Genesis Bustamante, Corpus Christi, TX, Brittni Young, Corpus Christi, TX, Daniel Pena, Corpus Christi, TX, Tobin Strickland, Corpus Christi, TX, Elena Martinez, Corpus Christi, TX, Michael Miller, Corpus Christi, TX, Jim Klein, Corpus Christi, TX, Adam Rios, Corpus Christi, TX, and Eli McKay, Corpus Christi, TX. The following individuals submitted a written public comment which is attached to the minutes: Ronald Fontenot Jr., Seabrook, TX, Jeremy Mandel, Falls City, TX, Mike Sheehan, Katy, TX, Mark Thompson, Cypress, TX, Eric Roberts, Helotes, TX, Mike Englert, Corpus Christi, TX, Jeb Borches, League City, TX, Tobin Strickland, Corpus Christi, TX, Peter Kaple, Corpus Christi, TX, Shawn Flanagan, Corpus Christi, TX, Seth Chesser, Utopia, TX, Will Chesser, Rockport, TX, Alyrose Manahan, San Antonio, TX, City of Corpus Christi Page 14 Printed on 7/18/2025 City Council Meeting Minutes July 15, 2025 Regina Gonzales, Corpus Christi, TX, Cassidy Chesser, San Antonio, TX, Caleb Chesser, Boise, ID, Robin Chesser, San Antonio, TX, Shannon Chesser, Utopia, TX, Cathy Chesser, San Antonio, TX, Omar Guerra, Edinburg, TX, Matthew Zander, Houston, TX, David Alexander, Austin, TX, Micah McCandless, Corpus Christi, TX, Mac Elliott Howard, Corpus Christi, TX, Wes McNew, Rockport, TX, Seth Winkelmann, Dallas, TX, Witton Ley, Kingsville, TX, Jack Howard, Corpus Christi, TX, Darren Jones, La Vernia, TX, Riley Elliott, Houston, TX, Robert Read, Plano, TX, Mason Moore, Houston, TX, Kerri McDonnel, Corpus Christi, TX, Margot Moczygemba, Corpus Christi, TX, Sara Dolson, Corpus Christi, TX, Clark Weaver, Missouri City, TX, Joanna Rockwood, Lockhart, TX, Brad Higginbotham, Austin, TX, Steven Bradshaw, Houston, TX, Lori Walker, Robstown, TX, Merida Forrest, Corpus Christi, TX, Chris Perry, League City, TX, Davin Topel, Austin, TX, Ethan Getz, Corpus Christi, TX, Elizabeth Dodds, Kingsville, TX, Elida Castillo, Taft, TX, and Danae Moreno, Corpus Christi, TX. Q. ADJOURNMENT There being no further business, Mayor Guajardo adjourned this meeting at 11:41 p.m. City of Corpus Christi Page 15 Printed on 7/18/2025 Public Comment 7-15-2025 lof 8 Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Describe Feedback: Provide an email. 7/15/2025 Ronald Fontenot Jr Street Address: 4406 Spoonbill Dr City: SEABROOK State / Province: TX Postal / Zip Code: 77586-2552 City Council No Desalination Discharge into Baffin Bay 25-1081 Dear Corpus Christ City Council Members, I strongly oppose the discharge of any reverse osmosis reject water to any tributary of Baffin Bay. The bay is a unique water body in Texas that brings millions of dollars of revenue to your city and county thru recreational and commercial fishing and hunting. There has not been enough study on the impact of the discharge to determine what effect that it will have on Baffin Bay and the LM at large. The statements of a for -profit entity looking for the least expensive manner of disposal is not sufficient to make that determination. The ecological impact could be very detrimental to all flora and fauna in Baffin Bay and the LM. As a result, the economic loss to the greater Corpus Christi area would undoubtedly be substantial. Other options, regardless the expense, should absolutely be considered to preserve what is one of the last pristine natural environments on the Texas Coast. Baffin Bay does not need help from businessmen in suits! ron@toplineinv.com 2 of 8 Date of Meeting Name 7/15/2025 Jeremy Mandel Address Street Address: 717 W Cheryl City: Falls City State / Province: TX Postal / Zip Code: 78113 Please select the Board: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Describe Feedback: Provide an email. City Council No Desalination Plant 25-1081 I hold a class A TCEQ water license and am well versed in RO treatment plants and some of the by products of treatment. While I'm not the authority on desalination, I know the main discharge is brine. Other by products from RO plants include acids and highly chlorinated water or neutralized with other chemicals. I am an avid angler of Baffin and Alazan bay systems. Both are eco systems that do not experience the tidal movements that other bay systems experience. Before the city jumps into a deal with this firm I would like to see data provided on how these types of discharge will affect a bay system, long term, with the lack of tidal movement. I personally spend, on average, $8000 annually in the Corpus Christi area. Lodging, food, bait, fishing gear/tackle, fuels, etc. if this project moves forward, without consideration for the tourism and fisher, I will never return to this bay system. I am one of a very large population that feels this way. Jmandel@fallscitv.biz 3 of 8 Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Describe Feedback: Provide an email. 7/15/2025 Mike Sheehan Street Address: 5019 Barstow Bend Ln City: Katy State / Province: TX Postal / Zip Code: 77449 City Council No Desalination Plant 25-1081 Councilmembers. My name is Mike Sheehan, a Texan who cares deeply about our coast— even if some of you seem more concerned with appeasing industry than protecting the people and ecosystems that actually make this region thrive. Let's be clear: Corpus Christi Bay supports over $1.5 billion in tourism and thousands of working families. Your plan to dump concentrated brine into shallow, slow -moving water is reckless. You're gambling with jobs, fisheries, and the long- term health of this bay for a short-term industrial fix. This isn't visionary leadership — it's environmental negligence dressed up as progress. And Texans are watching. If you care at all about your legacy, about public trust, or about protecting the very economy you claim to serve, you'll demand real science, real transparency, and a better option. Thank you." mike@victorymetalstx.com 4 of 8 Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Describe Feedback: 7/15/2025 Mark Thompson Street Address: 20634 Longenbaugh Rd City: Cypress State / Province: TX Postal / Zip Code: 77433 City Council No Discharge of desalinatoin plant water into Baffin Bay N/A Dear Corpus Christ City Council Member. I strongly oppose the discharge of any reverse osmosis reject water to any tributary of Baffin Bay. Baffin Bay is a unique water body in Texas that brings millions of dollars of revenue to your city and Nueces county thru recreational and commercial fishing and hunting. I personally grew up fishing the Laguna Madre and Baffin Bay, and have had many amazing experiences with the incredible fishery that is present in those bodies of water. If the untested water that is proposed to be dumped into the bay system, I will consider taking my business elsewhere because of the potential for contaminated water, as well as if the fishery begins to decline. If the fishery does decline because of the dumping water, me and many others will take our business elsewhere with no hesitation. In the end, if the bay gets degraded by the discharge, my family will go elsewhere and we will encourage others to leave as well. 5 of 8 Date of Meeting 7/11/2025 Name Eric Roberts Address Street Address: 17203 Clovis City: Helotes State / Province: TX Postal / Zip Code: 78023 Please select the Board: City Council Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Desalination discharge into Baffin Bay Agenda Item Number n/a Describe Feedback: I am writing to oppose the discharge from desalination plants into Baffin Bay. Anglers and outdoor enthusiasts travel from across the region to fish and hunt in Baffin Bay and the Upper Laguna Madre, contributing significantly to the local economy through spending on guides, lodging, equipment, food, and repairs in Nueces County and Corpus Christi. If the quality of fishing and hunting in these areas declines, visitors and residents alike will be forced to take their business elsewhere, resulting in economic loss for the region. Local guides and residents warn that they would relocate to other coastal destinations like Port Mansfield or South Padre Island if conditions deteriorate. The group strongly urges that RO (reverse osmosis) water not be discharged into tributaries leading to Baffin Bay, and recommends exploring alternative disposal methods, such as deep -well injection, to protect the area's ecological and economic future. Provide an email. fourroberts92@gmail.com 6 of 8 Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? What district do you reside in? Topic Agenda Item Number Describe Feedback: Provide an email. 7/15/2025 Mike Englert Street Address: 3617 Scarlet Oak Drive City: Corpus Christi State / Province: TX Postal / Zip Code: 78418 City Council Yes District 4 Discharge of Brine Water 1 Dear Corpus Christ City Council, I strongly oppose surface discharge of any reverse osmosis reject water to any tributary of our region including Baffin Bay. As you know our local resources bring millions of dollars of revenue to your city and Nueces county thru recreational and commercial fishing and hunting. It's very apparent that not enough research has been completed on the possible effects of surface discharge. We have been told that the impact of the discharge could be positive but we cannot confirm that impact without proper testing and research. If approved and the impacts of the discharge are indeed negative it will be too late and have a negative impact on our local economy as well. I strongly feel that deep well injection should be prioritized. I know that it is not the cheapest solution, however, we must take into full consideration the possible impacts and protect our natural resources. Thank You, Mike Englert mike.englert@gmail.com 7 of 8 Date of Meeting Name 7/22/2025 Jeb Borches Address Street Address: 2824 Pickett Dr. City: League City State / Province: Tx Postal / Zip Code: 77573 Please select the Board: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Describe Feedback: Provide an email. City Council No Desalination Plant 1 Dear Corpus Christi City Council Member I oppose any revers osmosis drainage into any tributary of Baffin Bay. Actually the whole Tx coast. Drain it into the gulf of America. You were elected to a position that can make a change in society for the better. I think desalination can be a good thing if done right. Might cost a bit more draining into the gulf, so charge more. Let's not make Baffin Bay a test site. I've spent my whole life in Tx. I like to think that Tx is one of the front runners that all other states fallow. I'm sure you didn't run for this position just to be a top dog in your community. Deep down we all want to make a difference, so please do the right thing. Thanks josephborches@gmail.com 8 of 8 Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? What district do you reside in? Topic Agenda Item Number Describe Feedback: Provide an email. 7/11/2025 Tobin Strickland Street Address: 6118 Coralridge Dr City: Corpus Christi State / Province: Tx Postal / Zip Code: 78413 City Council Yes District 3 Proposed Driscoll Reverse Osmosis Reject Water Discharge to Baffin Bay 25 I am concerned regarding the proposed discharge of reverse osmosis (RO) reject water into a Baffin Bay tributary. At the heart of this issue is the absence of scientific research or precedent supporting the discharge into a hypersaline estuary. We do not understand its long-term ecological impact on Baffin Bay. BB is not a typical Texas bay. It is a hypersaline estuary, with avg salinity levels ranging between 35-60 parts per thousand (ppt). The flora and fauna uniquely adapted to high salinity —is vulnerable to sustained changes in water quality. This could disrupt sensitive habitats and species, such as its seagrass population which is a nursery habitat for spotted sea trout. Potential public -private partnerships could help mitigate costs. Tesla's upcoming lithium refinery in Robstown, located just miles from the Driscoll plant, will utilize an RO system. Testa could potentially benefit from the reject water as a source, or could share the cost and capacity of a disposal well. tobin.rocks@Rmail.com Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Peter Kaple Address 7206 Lands End Dr Corpus Christi, Texas, 78414 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? What district do you reside in? City Council Yes District 5 Topic South Texas Water Alliance - Driscoll Desalination Plant Agenda Item Number General Public Comment Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and we've worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. I also ask the City to rethink its strategy of relying on heavy industry and instead invest in sustainable tourism, clean infrastructure, and preserving what makes the Coastal Bend special. Provide an email to receive a copy of peter. kaple.2011@gmail.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? What district do you reside in? Topic Agenda Item Number 25 Comment I urge you sign a contract to give us access to this source of water -the STWA project. We have no up front cost. The initial water cost is significantly cheaper than inner harbor desal, there is no capital investment required, there is no maintenance or operation costs for us beyond electricity and it is available sooner than inner harbor desal. This gives us water without precluding us getting other water sources such as inner harbor desal or Angelina because of this lack of cost. If they can not deliver water in the future we are not out anything. We pay only if we get water. We need water now and not just a single source. Please sign a contract to get this water. Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Shawn Flanagan 4218 herndon st, Herndon St CORPUS CHRISTI, TX, 78411 City Council District 2 Contract with South Texas Water Authority Provide an email to receive a copy of Sflanagan55@gmail.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Seth Chesser Address 167 FM 1796 Utopia, Texas, 78884 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number City Council Dumping brine water into the Baffin Bay Ecosystem 0 Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. Provide an email to receive a copy of s_chesser09@rocketmail.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Will Chesser Address 2400 FM 2165, 5105 Rockport, TX, 78382 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number City Council Baffin Bay Desalination Project General Public Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. Provide an email to receive a copy of caveman.outdoorco@gmail.com your submission. 1852 Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Alyrose Manahan Address 7427 Scordato Dr San Antonio, Texas, 78266 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. City Council Baffin Bay N/a Provide an email to receive a copy of alyrose.chesser@att.net your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? What district do you reside in? Topic Agenda Item Number Comment No DESAL Don't rezone Hillcrest to heavy industrial People OVER PROFITS. Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Regina Gonzales 2202 Aquila St Corpus Christi„ TX, 78414 City Council I don't know Rezoning/Water/Hillcrest/ Desalinization /JUSTICE Items 16,17 Provide an email to receive a copy of reggieg24@gmail.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Cassidy Chesser Address 17023 Ashbury Oaks San antonio, TX, 78247 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. City Council Baffin Bay General public comment Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Monday, July 14, 2025 Name Caleb Chesser Address Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number 4085 w plum street Boise, Id, 83703 City Council Discharge of brine water into Baffin bay 0 Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. Provide an email to receive a copy of calebchesser7@gmail.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Sunday, July 13, 2025 Name Robin Chesser Address Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number 17023 Ashbury Oaks SanAntonio, TX, 78247 City Council Water Desalination Plant 0 Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. Provide an email to receive a copy of rbnchesser@sbcglobal.net your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Shannon Chesser Address 167 FM 1796 Utopia, Texas, 78884 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number 0 Comment City Council Dumping Brine Water in Baffin Bay Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. Provide an email to receive a copy of shannonkw93@gmail.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Cathy Chesser Address 17023 Ashbury Oaks San Antonio, TX, 78247 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number City Council Desalination plant in Baffin bay 0 Comment do not agree either with discharging brine water back into Baffin Bay without further environmental study, Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Omar Guerra 22075 FM-490 Edinburg, TX, 78541 City Council No Discharging freshwater into Baffin Bay 10 Comment Baffin Bay is home to world -class trout & redfish fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. Provide an email to receive a copy of omar140810@icloud.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Thursday, July 17, 2025 Name Matthew Zander Address Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number 12414 Huntingwick Houston, Texas, 77024 City Council Reverse Osmosis Discharge into Baffin Bay general public comment Comment I am strongly opposed to the proposed reverse osmosis discharge plant in Driscoll, Texas. Baffin Bay is an incredible unique eco system. I spend thousands of dollars every year traveling to CC and fishing, lodging and all that goes with it. Matthew Zander Provide an email to receive a copy of mzander@crewlandresearch.com your submission. Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Name Address Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Topic Agenda Item Number Tuesday, July 15, 2025 David Alexander 5508 Coventry Ln Austin, Texas, 78723 City Council Baffin Bay Public Comment Comment I am a person who frequents the Baffin Bay fishery many times a year. Baffin Bay is home to world class trout fishing and unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hyper salinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny, chemical -laden water from Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and communities that depend on it. This plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the city before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with the contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered, such as a deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. Please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. get the science before moving forward. Thank you Monday, July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city -required permit forms or access services online, click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday, July 15, 2025 Name Micah McCandless Address 501 Catalina PI Corpus Christi, TX, 78411 Please select the Board, Committee, or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? What district do you reside in? Topic Agenda Item Number Comment Elected Leaders, City Council District 2 Desalination Plant & Rezoning 18 am AGAINST the rezoning of the Hillcrest neighborhood to Heavy Industrial or Light Industrial. This is a neighborhood already beset by the pollutants blasted by the current level of industry and bears the brunt of negative health effects. These families are being asked to give up their homes, community, and a part of their identity. In many cases these are the least able to relocate, with limited resources. Regards, Micah McCandless, PharmD Provide an email to receive a copy of your submission. mtmtwo@gmail.com us`op cy �s Monday,July 14, 2025 it .... m Public Comment & Input Form ` For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission + + Meetings To submit a service request, ask a question,report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Micah McCandless Address 501 Catalina PI Corpus Christi,TX,78411 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 2 Topic Desalination Plant& Rezoning Agenda Item Number 25 Comment Elected Leaders, I am AGAINST the desalination plant planned for Corpus Christi. The current plan for the plant is reckless and insulting. This plant would only provide water to industry and would not relieve the city's water supply issue. The engineering plan to pump the highly salinated sludge and concentrated pollutants back into the bay is criminal. The increase in salinity would kill the ecosystem and the exponential increase in the pollutants,already in the bay from our current industry,would ensure that nothing thrives in the future as well, including the residents of this city. Saying yes to the desalination plant, as it stands, is to hand over this city to heavy industry, providing wealth for a very few,at the staggering cost of the wildlife,tourism, fishing/gaming industry,and the people of this community. Regards, Micah McCandless, PharmD Provide an email to receive a copy of mtmtwo@gmail.com your submission. 2 Gc;di us cy4 Monday,July 14, 2025 k Public Comment & Input Form �, y For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission • y,,,, Meetings 7852 To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation,browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Mac Elliott Howard Address 1701 Ennis Joslin Rd,Apt 317 Corpus Christi,TX,78412 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 4 Topic Keep Baffin Bay Hypersaline! Agenda Item Number General Public Comment Comment What makes Baffin Bay so incredibly special and valuable as a fishery is its hypersaline environment. Baffin Bay is home to world class Trout and Redfish fishing, boosting our economy and putting south Texas on the map. I am not against desalination, but our sensitive Baffin Bay system should not be put at risk without considering the impact that this discharge will have on the fish,wildlife and outdoor industries that call Baffin home. Please work together with the Harte Research Institute and CCA to study the effects a desalination plant will have on this sensitive coastal environment. Give the coastal community of south Texas an opportunity to voice our concerns over destroying some of the finest fishing in the region. I want my future children and grandchildren to enjoy the bounty and treasures of Baffin Bay one day. -Mac Elliott Howard Outdoor Industry Photographer Provide an email to receive a copy of elliottmacala@gmail.com your submission. ff Qus4 y�r'1 Monday,July 14, 2025 ,, jj'° Public Comment & Input Form ,% y i For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Wes McNew Address 1702 FM 3036,Apt 4204 Rockport,TX,78382 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Desal Agenda Item Number General Public Comment Comment Baffin Bay is home to world-class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity, but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny,chemical-laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it.The plant has not applied for a TCEQ discharge permit, and no environmental studies have been done. I am not against desalination.This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered,such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward.These matters impact more than just Corpus residents. Provide an email to receive a copy of onioncreekflyco@gmail.com your submission. G09"us cy*s Monday,July 14, 2025 a a,- : + Public Comment & Input Form �Ave For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission ;: Meetings 1852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Seth Winkelmann Address 1742 LOREE DR Dallas,TX,75228 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Baffin Desal Dump Agenda Item Number 1 Comment Please find other water solutions other than destroying a World Class fishery. Provide an email to receive a copy of seth_winkelmann@hotmail.com your submission. s �y Monday,July 14, 2025 /' 4 Public Comment & Input Form yFor City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings N i852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Witton Ley Address 104 south county road 1060 Kingsville,Tx,78363 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Discharge into Baffin Bay Agenda Item Number P Comment My name is Witton Ley I'm 18 years old and I have been fishing in Baffin Bay my whole life. I just wanted to say I'm strongly against the discharge of salt water brine into are bay system and the impacts that could follow with doing such things. I ask y'all to find different means in disposal of this salt water so this beautiful bay system can prosper for many many more years to come. Once again please think about the impact this discharge can have on our bay system and not only the impact on the wildlife but the people who make there livelihood in this bay system as well. Provide an email to receive a copy of leywitton@gmail.com your submission. Gogpus oy,�� Monday,July 14,2025 m Public Comment & Input Form oobe � For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question,report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Jack Howard Address 626 Delaine Dr. Corpus Christi,Texas,78411 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 4 Topic Driscoll desalination plant Agenda Item Number Generally public comment Comment Some of my most cherished memories have been in Baffin Bay. I want my future children to be able to experience the same world class sights I have experienced in the last year. Baffin Bay is home to world- class trout fishing and a unique ecosystem found nowhere else in Texas. It has evolved over millennia to handle its natural hypersalinity,but that balance is now at risk. The proposed discharge of briny,chemical- laden water from the Driscoll desalination plant threatens to damage this fragile bay and the communities that depend on it. I am not against desalination. This area needs water solutions, and anglers have worked with the City before to find environmentally sound options, like on Harbor Island. Please do not move forward with a contract with STWA until safer disposal methods are considered,such as deep well injection or brine reuse for geothermal energy. And please work with Harte Research to study the effects this discharge will have. Get the science before moving forward. Provide an email to receive a copy of howarjc681@gmail.com your submission. `Q�Pus cys Monday,July 14, 2025 t K . Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7a52 To submit a service request,ask a question,report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Darren Jones Address 557 Rose Branch Dr La Vernia,TX,78121 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Seven Seas Desalination Plant in Bishop Agenda Item Number Public Comment Comment Good afternoon, my name is Darren Jones, I am Corpus Christi Native, Business Owner,Veteran and a fisherman. I grew up on Baffin and spend well over 100 days per year fishing and hunting this legendary, very unique bay system. To begin, I am for using desalinated water to feed our industry in the coastal bend. I was stationed in Guantanamo Bay Cuba and we survived on desalinated water. I am vehemently against dumping up to 30 million gallons of brine water(per day) into an already hyper saline,closed loop Baffin Bay system. The public has not been made aware of any environmental impact studies and this endeavor has thus far not been made public until now. You (city council) have the opportunity for a win/win. Go forward with the desalination plant and find one of the many other ways to dispose of the brine responsibly(offshore, deep well injection,etc.).The other win, saving Baffin from being destroyed . We are counting on you. Respectfully, Darren Jones Provide an email to receive a copy of feralconceptslIc@gmail.com your submission. `ous c _ Monday,July 14, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form 'Ta µ $' For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission • Y Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation,browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Monday,July 14,2025 Name Riley Elliott Address 9231 Merna Drive Houston,TX,77040 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Keep Baffin Bay Hypersaline Agenda Item Number General Public Comment Comment Baffin Bay's hypersaline environment is what makes it one of the most special fisheries and bays on the Gulf Coast. Baffin Bay is a world class fishery that is already healthy and thriving. Please work with the Harte institute and CCA to study the effects a desalinization plant would have on the bay and the negative impacts it may have. I have had the privilege of spending lots of time in the upper Laguna Madre and want my kids and grandkids to experience the beauty and fishing of Baffin Bay for years to come. -Riley Elliott t�;Pus Cy:\ Monday,July 14, 2025 1/4 G i�`.. m Public Comment & Input Form r 154 - A For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings To submit a service request,ask a question,report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Robert Read Address 6400 WINDCREST DR Plano,TX,75024 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Desal Discharge in Baffin Bay Agenda Item Number N/a Comment The discharge of desalination brine into Baffin Bay is nothing short of a disaster for the bay.This bay is vital to the many species that call the Texas coast home. I personally spend thousands of dollars a year coming to stay and chase the incredible sport fish that populate this ecosystem.The future of your community earning those dollars,as well as the hard earned money of many other like me,will not exist with the proposed discharges. The discharges will only harm the people who elected you to your positions, all while lining the pockets of a corporation.That doesn't sound American to me. I very much understand the need for the these desal plants, but not at the expense of the community and environment that makes your area so special and so unique. I would love to continue to spend my money on hotels and guides and meals 6-10 times a year, but that future depends on your decisions. Please listen to your constituents, and show what true leadership means. Thank you. Provide an email to receive a copy of treadl0@gmail.com your submission. • us c6, Tuesday,July 15, 2025 G X Public Comment & Input Form -� y For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings i852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Mason Moore Address 3514 Silvercreek Dr, None Houston,TX,77578 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Baffin Bay Agenda Item Number General Public Comment Comment Although not a resident of Corpus Christi, I spend time frequently around the area and even a little further south. Baffin Bay has always been one of my favorite places to go. Baffin Bay is a world class fishery and home to many people. Desalination is sure to ruin the Bay.The discharge from these desal plants creates a brine that can quickly ruin surrounding areas. Being that Baffin Bay is a closed system,the discharge would deplete the environment quickly. Next,the amount of energy that is required for these plants to operate is ridiculous.The energy spent is not worth the amount of water that is produced. While I support the idea of creating more water opportunities, I feel that there are better ways to do it. Many people rely on the Baffin Bay ecosystem as their livelihood. It is not right to ruin it with the discharge of these desalination plants. 0 4 00us c#1, Tuesday,July 15, 2025 g Public Comment & Input Form 3 to For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission y Meetings TE52 To submit a service request,ask a question,report a violation,browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Kerri McDonnel Address 6838 Everhart Rd,Apt 1905 Corpus Christi,TX,78413 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 5 Topic Rezoning/Water/Hillcrest/Desalination/Justice Agenda Item Number 16, 17, 18 Comment Do not rezone Hillcrest to heavy industrial No desal plant o�Pus cy , Tuesday,July 15,2025 o Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, &Commission Meetings - 7852 To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Margot Moczygemba Address 6105 Jessica Drive Corpus Christi,TX,78414 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 5 Topic Changing Hillcrest and Washington-Cole district intoLight/Heavy Industrial zones Agenda Item Number 10 and 11 Comment I am concerned about rezoning in Agenda items 10 and 11 that the council is voting on today. I am against rezoning these areas.This will bring heavy-polluting industries closer to schools and thousands of our residents. Increased pollution can lead to respiratory issues,especially in children and the elderly,who are more vulnerable to air quality changes. Instead of rezoning,the council should consider investing in green spaces and parks that promote a healthier environment. Additionally,developing clean energy projects in these areas can provide jobs while minimizing pollution. Implementing stricter pollution controls on existing industries could also be an effective way to improve air quality without compromising economic growth. Additionally,exposure to pollutants can exacerbate conditions such as asthma and allergies,significantly impacting the overall health of the community. Protecting our residents from these risks should be a top priority for the council. Provide an email to receive a copy of margotym@gmail.com your submission. 2 GocotUS cy s Tuesday,July 15, 2025 (p m Public Comment & Input Form -stoic ` For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Sara Dolson Address 512 Ohio Ave. Corpus Christi,TX,78404 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 2 Topic General Agenda Item Number General Comment Please don't move forward with the desalination plant. Residents only use a small portion of the water when compared to industry,so residents should not have to take on the financial burden. The bay,the air, and the land we live on should be respected. Please don't rezone the Hillcrest neighborhood to heavy industrial. That once again only benefits the big industry people at the top, not the people who live here. Let's put the people of Corpus Christi over the profits of big oil by putting an end to the desalination plant already please and thank you. O�pus cy�'�r Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form t;110ble For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question,report a violation,browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Clark Weaver Address 4710 Arrowhead Lake Drive Missouri City,TX,77459 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Driscoll water discharge into Baffin Bay Agenda Item Number 12345 Comment Dear Corpus Christ City Council Member. I strongly oppose the discharge of any reverse osmosis reject water to any tributary of Baffin Bay. Baffin Bay is a unique water body in Texas that brings millions of dollars of revenue to your city and Nueces county thru recreational and commercial fishing and hunting. Although not a resident of Corpus Christi, I am an avid fisherman of the Texas bay systems. Baffin Bay is a unique bay system that is fragile and the large discharge of water from the Driscoll project should absolutely be stopped unless peer reviewed scientific studies unequivocally show that such discharge will not harm the bay ecosystem. I spent a large amount of time and money on outdoor recreation in the bay systems which will go elsewhere if Baffin Bay is negatively impacted. Thanks for your consideration Clark Weaver Provide an email to receive a copy of aktxla@yahoo.com your submission. 2 /eus ciy Tuesday,July 15,2025 4 Public Comment & Input Form ..0 y For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, &Commission • Meetings 7852f To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation,browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Joanna Rockwood Address 603 S Blanco St Lockhart,TX,78644 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Diesel Plant-Alice City Agenda Item Number P Comment Baffin Bay is a very important fishing and wildlife area for the state of Texas. I am against the Alice City desal plant harmfully discharging into Baffin Bay. Please, please seek out other environmentally friendly plans. Provide an email to receive a copy of leajoanna@gmail.com your submission. `O,,,US cite Tuesday,July 15, 2025 a 111111 of - ie =:,' m Public Comment & Input Form ti: For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission • _ = Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Brad Higginbotham Address 1103 Cherico St Unit 4 Austin,TX,78702 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Desal Plant Agenda Item Number P Comment Please do not discharge desal plant emissions into any of the bays. As someone who travels to recreate in your bays several times a year I can tell you the bays are worth more to you as healthy eco systems. Please route desal emissions offshore, it makes much more sense. Provide an email to receive a copy of bhiggs87@gmail.com your submission. Go pus c, Tuesday,July 15,2025 k .• +. Public Comment & Input Form '"-3 � For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Monday,July 14,2025 Name Steven Bradshaw Address 10050 Cedardale Houston,Texas,77055 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Desal Plant Agenda Item Number 0000 Comment Dear Corpus Christ City Council, I strongly oppose the discharge of any reverse osmosis reject water to any tributary of Baffin Bay. Baffin Bay is like a second home to me and many other outdoor enthusiast up and down the Texas coast. It has adapted over the years to the high salinity-and discharging the water will disrupt the ecosystem and has high potential to damage the great fishery and habitat Baffin is. I come all the way from Houston several times a year to fish Baffin. I am sure hundreds if not thousands of other people do.This brings a good economic impact to the community from lodging,fishing guides, bait shops, restaruants, etc. If Baffin bay is degraded I-along with others-will start taking our business to other areas of the Texas Coast. Baffin bay is one of the last untouched treasures of the coast that is not suffering a major human impact. Lets keep it that way. Go�pus y�� Tuesday,July 15, 2025 rpl o Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission 4 Meetings 1852 To submit a service request, ask a question,report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Lori Walker Address 5502 Covey Place Robstown,Texas,78380 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Water Supply Projects Update/Desalination Agenda Item Number 31 Comment My name is Lori Jo Walker and I am a property owner in Corpus Christi as well as Riviera,Texas. I urge the council to reject any water projects that include the disposal method of discharging into our natural water sources such as creeks,tributaries,or bays. Any industrial discharge will upset the balance of fragile ecosystems and possibly cause irreparable damage to the valuable asset that is our coastal waters. I am not against desalination as long as it is done in a way that creates the least environmental impact on our natural water resources and environment. Furthermore, I respectfully request that the City of Corpus Christi pursue water contracts that assess costs in a fair and equitable manner between all partners. In other words, residents should only bear the costs for the percentage of water they receive. If city residents use only 20°%o of water produced while industry receives 80%-the financial responsibility should reflect this ratio. Sincerely, Lori Jo Walker Provide an email to receive a copy of lorijowalker@aol.com your submission. 1 Qus cti ... Tuesday,July 15, 2025 f .... 4 Public Comment & Input Form i t a r For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission "otMeetings 7a52 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Merida Forrest Address 7114 Grape Arbor Drive Corpus Christi,TX,78414 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 5 Topic Items 16, 17,and 18-rezoning Hillcrest and Washington-Coles residential neighborhoods to light industrial and heavy industrial zones and closing off streets in the neighborhoods Agenda Item Number 16, 17, 18 Comment Regarding the zoning case for the Hillcrest and Washington-Coles neighborhoods-please stop the proposal from the Port of Corpus Christi from rezoning the area to industrial use. Please deny the proposed street closures in their neighborhood as this will make it harder for residents to get into their homes or get away from danger. Their neighborhood has seen enough displacement due to industry. Per the planning commission's recommendation they denied it of heavy industrial and favored for the property to be light industrial-at the least vote with their side-not heavy industrial. I urge Corpus Christi City Council members to reject Case ZN8534 and Case ZN8553 and the accompanying street closure ordinance. I hope I can count on your support for this. 4 7 Provide an email to receive a copy of aleli420@yahoo.com your submission. 2 Goeus 1p Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Public Comment & Input Form -5 For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Merida Forrest Address 7114 Grape Arbor Drive Corpus Christi,TX,78414 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 5 Topic Public Comment Procedures Agenda Item Number 27, 28,29,30 Comment Thank you for your advocacy in,making steps in positive changes to public comment.Today's new changes I'm not a fan of but will remain open minded to see how it flows. I am happy to see items 27,28, 29 &30 as these are in the correct direction-I ask you to vote in favor of each of these. *Item 27-5:30 public comment should be for both general &for an agenda item (perhaps one day the 5:30pm comment portion can happen before the City Council meeting-not after) *Item 28-let's go back to the old way where we didn't have to sign up to speak on an agenda item at the City Council meeting. *Item 29-we know&you know it's a rhetorical question per policy,let us ask, no need to reply, no need for City attorney to rebuttal &we are aware you won't be replying. *Item 30-please extend the window to sign up for public comment to 5pm on day of city council meetings -not 10:30am. Thank you! 1 • r Provide an email to receive a copy of aleli420@yahoo.com your submission. 2 i o�,Pus cy . Tuesday,July 15, 2025 o Public Comment & Input Form ,tbor y For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Chris Perry Address 2798 Spring Moss Dr League City,TX,77573 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Baffin Bay to Receive Reverse Osmosis Reject Water Agenda Item Number N/A Comment Dear Corpus Christ City Council Member. I strongly oppose the discharge of any reverse osmosis reject water to any tributary of Baffin Bay. Baffin Bay is a unique water body in Texas that brings millions of dollars of revenue to your city and Nueces county thru recreational and commercial fishing and hunting. I travel many miles to fish Baffin and the ULM for spotted sea trout and black drum. I spend money in Nueces County and Corpus Christi Texas for fishing and hunting guides,tackle,equipment, lodging,food, and other related cost such as truck, boat,or trailer repair. If Baffin Bay or the Upper Laguna Madre fishing and hunting is degraded I won't come there and will be forced to go spend my money elsewhere. Provide an email to receive a copy of ch_perry@live.com your submission. GUS cif Tuesday,July 15,2025 O� a o. . m Public Comment & Input Form r-61 '-1` For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission � � 4 Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question, report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Davin Topel Address 5020 Patagonia Pass Austin,TX,78738 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Desalination plant Agenda Item Number NA Comment I've heard that the desalination plant is looking to ramp up the dumping of waste water into bath and Bay up to 30,000,000 gallons per day. I am wanting to express that I am against this and would like to see more environmentally friendly options before we start irresponsibly dumping into a closed system bay. Thank you, Davin Topel i t Tuesday,July 15,2025 Public Comment & Input Form � r k For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission N . a Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question,report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Ethan Getz Address 13613 Moro Ln Corpus Christi,TX,78418 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 4 Topic Desalination Discharge into Baffin Bay Agenda Item Number 31 Comment I would like to express my concern with the proposed plan to discharge brine from the desalination plant into Petronilla creek. This discharge will eventually reach Baffin Bay and affect the hydrology of the system. As an avid angler and someone who cherishes Baffin Bay as one of the most unique ecosystems on the Texas coast, I believe this discharge will be harmful to the bay. As a hypersaline estuary that supports economically valuable fisheries, including a world-renowned trophy spotted seatrout fishery,the hydrology of this bay should not be tampered with.The natural flow levels into Baffin Bay have created a flourishing ecosystem that we should seek to protect, not alter. I hope that the desalination plant and city officials realize what is as risk here,and seek alternative solutions for the discharge. Provide an email to receive a copy of ethangetz4@gmail.com your submission. o�,pus cif Tuesday,July 15,2025 difillo, 44. Vim Public Comment & Input Form v4k� For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, &Commission ! Meetings 7852 To submit a service request,ask a question,report a violation, browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Elizabeth Dodds Address PO BOX 1120 Kingsville,Texas,78364 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Seven Seas/STWA water Discahrge Agenda Item Number 31 Comment Rudy Madrid stood in front of this council on 7/10/2025,& proposed a water solution that would not only provide additional water to the region, but would "refresh Baffin Bay". It was a reckless,untruthful message made with zero marine biology experience, &directly contradicts statements made by both Harte Research Institute&CCA. I attended the Kleberg County Commissioners Meeting on 07/14/25, during which Rudy Madrid said (in reference to the need for an oversight committee)-& I quote-"I am not one to ask scientific questions". Rudy Madrid &the STWA have sold you a lie,&completely mislead their audience into believing that this saline discharge will be beneficial to our bays. I ask that you vote NOT TO ENTER into an agreement with STWA&explore alternative options for the discharge of saline waste that do not discharge into our local bays-to do otherwise,would be simply negligent,&wreak havoc onto our precious Bays &ecosystems. (FULL STATEMENT ATTACHED BELOW) Upload supporting images or documents. a EAD-Written Statement.pdf Provide an email to receive a copy of lizzie.monroe92@yahoo.com your submission. Rudy Madrid stood in front of this council on June 10th, 2025, and proposed to you a water solution that would not only provide additional water to the region, but would "refresh Baffin Bay", which "has been needed for years". It was a reckless, untruthful message made by an individual with zero marine biology experience, and directly contradicts statements made by both Harte Research Institute and CCA. I attended the Kleberg County Commissioners Meeting on 07/14/25, during which Rudy Madrid said (in reference to the need for an oversight committee) -and I quote-"I am not one to ask scientific questions".This is who you're considering to enter an agreement with?Somebody with no scientific studies to present, and self admittedly no scientific background or expertise? Rudy Madrid and the STWA have sold you a lie, and completely mislead their audiences into believing that this saline discharge will be beneficial to our bays despite the DIRECT input of local and national environmental scientific entities. With this in mind, I ask that you vote NOT TO ENTER into an agreement with STWA and explore other options for discharge of saline waste that do not discharge into our local bays-to do otherwise I fear would be simply negligent, and wreak havoc onto our precious Bays and ecosystems. **mesa HEREOF er*Pubes nna Lama m 4p14l9n4 e)1 0*4 Wi by 1, I oJtooNod W 0oY-*NO.a.owectod Now taws i CM CIX(Pt$CM a It Pr Ax�p lam 4b0 •.. ._ _. .. boos.Oaml y� `?t OF Ct�inlr- 6e2 OPrO (r/�/ u O ATTtST`4140lK.C44,4_ , is1raa4MTA t G+rlrcwcrA./ T Paa,w,gr ranN$000lATlCei Paid 1Lt�\\�1O1�j ttir tf VSw MK, -� 1E40040 CCNPU$c.dU1!e.biS..A,ytr1ga71r Paadrt a.r Cruet FseA.Wooer ns ab spr.a0er.ar+.se0 4 pm*d way 1Ni mortars IN'Pawl aarrqafy e! .awl n ON'1an9'rr Nicrbrlaoa Aiutorye.b Coo OcknoofrOgos net M Gry Cev�o.rvw mesas as pa.rn.e.0ar$otb. Asw*91*Ger. 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C.-SS 0M'. rsa 0Urss'r w arwM !.a uage..a•> Lirn.rur• a Ta Arsr0Tr0 ragspt N*0w.+r LAMS p.er3J WAS and elemc net en. Fr arty coons Ton he Per M4C3Ms.Tarn Pn Iiyl'sir`ead Acrosko r Pon or goo m rraasT praises n ry.nwe eee.at ro C f or* Pal or CSS egrer+p 0Amrvrsv arras t ei far a .ya m a Yrwy la two rear bans and Ornoirer Las o" rr trio at a eTy 0earm.o*ar• rat yi wow of loch st p.or approrarl. *wards To sum d!i Sri raw To err* el sour TVs./ Motel 04 Partner a Peke at 0WT Fos r. fowl P• Tr Or ores; To Tor =Wo s brokers n nepxrtop sr 0*00*0 a motrA sere, no Nayeameo1 ACQJasm• Par Aufrw sons C Alas Pro aria Maros 04ecnse Markito *Only Cm 0N+»Asr.r leeeesl r Vs Two Pary Arwren Tr Co, sir Troop !'r Pots kr M mode Canto trinrsT D s rea..ao rear. 3 Comment Dear Mayor Guajardo and Honorable Members of the Council, Ordinance ZN8534 ZN8553 I am writing to express my concerns with the Rezoning and street closures being requested by the Port of Corpus Christi. They want you to believe that this request should be granted due to a Four Party Agreement, but the agreement to the Port was no longer applicable once the first car passed the new Harbor Bridge. The Port is not a taxpaying entity to the city,but residents of Hillcrest and Washington-Coles are.They pay their taxes despite the reduced services and support from the City of Corpus Christi.They have been through so much,and now their safety and quality of life is being further compromised by the proposed Rezoning and Street closures. Think of the safety of the community.Think of the City's future land use map.Think of the promises that were made but haven't been upheld. The City Council should represent the best interest of the constituents. Please deny the Port's requests. Upload supporting images or documents. Asmara s.(+ream-mew,b ransom mono p^P.' tarautam .Ctr er Cagan Gran wa we avraua a egt.e alegr oe+'o .whey were wiring 06 emery ease.Me I:+y)tamp flops—. 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Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Elida Castillo Address 131 Lerdo St Taft,TX,78390 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? No Topic Rezoning &Street Closures Agenda Item Number 16-18 Exhibit D—City of Corpus Christi City support of Project, Neighborhood Acquisition Plan, Voluntary Restrictive Covenant Program. The City fully supports the Project and the-Port's acquisition of property in the Neighborhood pursuant to the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan and Voluntary Restrictive Covenant'Program, and agrees that the Acquired Property:may be,used for Port Purposes. The City_acknowledges and agrees that the representations and agreements made by the City in this Exhibit D have been made as a material inducement to the Port to enter into this Agreement, that the Port is relying on theCity's representations and agreements, and that the Port would not have entered into this Agreement without the City's representations and:agreements. Use of eminent domain in a manner that is beneficial to Neighborhood residents. The City understands that the Port's use of eminent domain may be necessary to enable some sellers who have non-resident partial interest Owners to provide good and complete title to the Port and thereby participate in the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan. Also, Texas law assists residents by providing increased.eligibility for relocation assistance if their properties are purchased by an entity with eminent domain authority, and the City'desires to assist participants in the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan in their desire to receive relocation benefits. Therefore, pursuant to Texas Water Code §62.106(d);the City hereby consents to the Port's use of eminent domain authority in the acquisition of property in the Neighborhood. The City understands that, during the Effective Period, the Port will only use eminent'domain when requested by the Owner or purported Owner of a property interest in the property being sold to the Port pursuant to the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan. As between the Port and the City only, this consent will survive the suspension or termination of this Agreement. Transfer of weedy lot liens, paving liens, and demolition liens. For any property that the Port purchases under the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan and agrees to maintain pursuant to agreement between the City and Port, the City agrees to permanently transfer to the Port its rights to its Weedy Lot Liens, Paving Liens, and Demolition Liens on the basis of a City determination that the value of such obligations approximates or exceeds the value of the lien rights. The transfer of such rights will effectively constitute a release of such liens in favor of the Port, giving the Port additional flexibility in negotiating the purchase of property under the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan. Maintenance of T.C. Ayers Park and Williams Memorial Park(Parks). To satisfy the requirements specified in the Two Party Agreement, the City will maintain the Parks for 24 months from the Effective Date. Harbor Bridge Project Exhibit D Four Party Agreement Pagel Assistance to citizens—liaison for existing city housing programs. Subject to program continuation, the City of Corpus Christi will make available to eligible Neighborhood residents several existing City housing programs (the "City Housing Programs"): (1) CDBG Minor Home Repair Program; (2) CDBG Single Family Rehabilitation Program; (3) CDBG Appliance Replacement Program; (4) HOME Investment Partnerships Homebuyer Assistance; and (5) HOME Investment Partnerships Rehabilitation Program for Veterans These housing programs are currently undersubscribed, but are subject to funds availability and their continuation in years after the current fiscal year are subject to annual funding appropriations from the City and federal agencies. The City will designate a city employee who will act as a liaison to Neighborhood residents, and facilitate access to services under the City Housing Programs. Applicants will need to meet federal requirements and other qualification criteria (for example, income limits) to access these programs. Housing programs may be continued or terminated in future years. Assistance to citizens—liaison for providing information to eligible residents who are assessing whether to participate in the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan or Voluntary Restrictive Covenant Program. For any residential property that is eligible for the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan or the Voluntary Restrictive Covenant Program, the City will provide a liaison to provide information as each owner evaluates whether to participate. At no time will the liaison be making decisions for or on behalf of any person interested in participating. Appointment of liaison. The City will designate one or more of its employees to carry out the responsibilities of the liaison as described below and as described under the heading "City Liaison and Liaison Program Details" in this Exhibit D. The City will initiate the Liaison Program no later than 60 days from the Effective Date of this Agreement and program will be in effect for a 48 month period following initiation. The City will designate at least one employee who will act as the liaison to carryout the duties under the Agreement(the "Liaison"). The City will give the contact information for the Liaison to each household in the Neighborhood. The City will authorize the Liaison to facilitate and refer applicants to the following services that are currently provided by third Parties*: 1. Homeowner counseling offered by local banks. This type of counseling is often required for down payment assistance and other public and private grants. It can be made available to all of the affected homeowner residents. 2. *Privately Owned Apartments. It has been estimated by apartment developers that apartment developers will be able to provide the needed new multifamily Harbor Bridge Project Exhibit D Four Party Agreement Page 2 units for the designated low-income groups over the next two years utilizing a combination of incentives from the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and low income housing tax credits through the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs. Although advance commitments for this type of funding cannot be obtained, the City has a strong track record in obtaining competitive awards of low-income housing tax credits for projects each year, and local banks have made arrangements with the Federal Home Loan Bank Board for technical assistance in securing competitive awards through its programs. Federal fair housing laws would prohibit the restriction of any such developments only to persons from the Northside neighborhoods, but adequate capacity should be available to meet the needs of all Northside residents interested in relocating to new apartments in other areas. 3. *Affordable housing programs provided by developers in different parts of the City that will provide new housing options available for purchase. 4. *Banks offering low down-payment mortgage products, including loans that require as little as a $500 down payment. As an example of a local bank program, BBVA Compass Bank has indicated that it has a low-interest loan program that pays most closing costs and only requires a $500 down payment. BBVA has stated that credit scores as low as 620 are currently acceptable. 5. *Homeownership counseling through nonprofit agencies, including, but not limited to, Catholic Charities, Texas State Affordable Housing Corporation, TexasVeterans.com, and GreenPath. 6. *Local landlords. 7. The Corpus Christi Housing Authority. Additionally, the City will declare its support for the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan described in Exhibit C. This support is expected to enable the Corpus Christi Housing Authority to provide a preference for residents who have been displaced under the Plan. *The City has not conducted an investigation to verify or guarantee statements made by third parties or the present or future availability of services provided by third parties. The City will not provide the services identified as being provided or facilitated by any entity other than the City. Compliance with Record Keeping and Reporting Requirements Under Section 5 of the Agreement. In compliance with the requirements of Section 5, the City will submit to TxDOT quarterly reports. Written progress reports will contain, but are not limited to, a summary of all activities related to the performance of the Liaison's duties for that reporting period, as described in this Exhibit D. Assemblage of tracts for Port Purposes. The City desires to encourage the assemblage of property for Port Purposes pursuant to the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan through Harbor Bridge Project Exhibit D Four Party Agreement Page 3 the strategic abandonment of rights of way that maintains the efficient contiguity of travel in and through the Neighborhood. Accordingly, the City acknowledges that the City Council may exercise its powers under Section 1(a)(11) of Article X of the City's Charter to close or alter the public streets, alleys, or other public ways within its jurisdiction in pursuit of said objective. The City acknowledges and agrees that where streets, alleys or other public ways abut Acquired Property, in order to facilitate the Port's use of the Acquired Property for Port Purposes, the closure or alteration of those streets, alleys, or ways may become necessary. The City agrees that for purposes of closing or altering streets, alleys or other public ways pursuant to the Neighborhood Acquisition Plan, including a closure or alteration under Section 49-12 of the City's Code of Ordinances pursuant to such Plan, the City, by action of its City Council, may find that: (i) a request or petition by the Port to have the City Council close a street, alley or other public way abutting Acquired Property is considered by the City Council to be a request or petition jointly and severally initiated by the City and the Port; (ii) such closure or alteration is considered to be required for the proper completion of the Harbor Bridge, which is a public improvement project; and (iii) no further payment is required of the Port to acquire the part of the City's rights in a street, alley or other public way that the City chooses to abandon, close or alter. The City maintains the discretion to abandon, close, alter, or retain a street, alley or other public way in response to a request or petition in a manner that maintains the efficient contiguity of travel in and through the Neighborhood. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if the City closes any streets (or other public ways) in the Neighborhood (or portions thereof) at the request of the Port, the City, by action of its City Council, hereby finds the Port will not be required to pay any additional amounts to the City for the property it acquires in connection with these street closures. Community Advisory Board. The City's Liaison will attend TxDOT's quarterly meetings of the Community Advisory Board described in the Two Party Agreement. Harbor Bridge Project Exhibit 0 Four Party Agreement Page 4 IN WITNESS THEREOF, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by its duly authorized signatory, effective as provided herein. PORT OF CORPUS CHRISTI AjHORITY Dated: /mg "i& "/5 John P. LaRue Executive Director CITY OF Co" ' IS Dated: Ron:Id L. &ls•n City ana• r 121-1*-4-C4e,4^1-..--1R, ATTEST: REBECCA HUERTA CITY SECRETARY EPARTMENT F TRANSPORTATION Dated: 1 L "1 10 IS LtGen J.F. eber, USMC (Ret) Executive D ector CORPUS CHRISTI HOUSING AUTHORITY J �--- Dated: 49-141.16 Gary Ilsup President and Chief Executive Officer Approved as to torm1 2 l�qg___Nzefe_044 Assistant C1v Attorney k•a( '1"1"25114 ttu For Lay Attorney j !1 (1)UNCdb.....l�i sEc�r�ar `O�Pus cy�4r Tuesday,July 15, 2025 0 0jaik4 Public Comment & Input Form '3 0,i For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings 7852 To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation,browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Danae Moreno Address 3922 Brushwood Ln Corpus Christi,TX,78415 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 3 Topic Rezoning and Desalination Agenda Item Number Item 16, 17 Comment DO NOT rezone Washington Coles and Hillcrest neighborhoods for desalination. People must be prioritized over profits,and man-made brine must be kept out of our bays. Rezoning these neighborhoods means polluting our air and water which would lead to an increase of Corpus Christians developing respiratory conditions such as asthma,and directly create habitat loss and mortality for wildlife in our ocean. According to the Coastal Conservation Association and a study by the Science of Total Environment a desalination plant (I have uploaded both below) while seeming like a needed solution,would create environmental problems for our people and our wildlife. Upload supporting images or documents. CCA Texas Position Statement on Brackish Groundwater and Saline Surface Water Desalination >b 4.4041ille21521.111.221422 to'N.",florvwNlry Sum1,dtsu+rdt,a+at hat,b.awst..rwwalnatn and*At era st..tatd*Mat lo moot(rating at Warts*,d4rrdeuk CCA'fatal a 4 Ytttere*e+titie li'+Nai1 twaa•f t•xr.taaUVt It•et40 aft.tWani, owalate't tth.r:Ye.r.t Mo!et goantt Background Ikaalr:atKa1.1 NGLo.rYrQ.uoul tti.r+Trgl avuss tt u Stan t u 1•yfru 4001,0ng.ea Iacp to.,3* cxaarsa to.ernm,salts writ ra0w_4 nKhWrttr tn>..t w taY•1 ti+`.u+cas •li,a.drast prcvahaate•yiaMw beta r6•ns.aatl.:'r1 u.'h mrxnratw FtiwdtV M.wts U.yl city 1WW10,504 tr.y1 VDU aril •Satma 1WIfa.e wale.taco at sw.ttata harm t.4r,r-tt,...a, t•1tuRWU daparaey KW° ISAPO twat TDy3 Wlra.Wy000,4on sates r1,094.1 mt.1,-.••••yo0*mar yyt'rya].cal anal YrtvIary Bark.1 larrr [rtGaLYa a comennai r6 b,drxtuta wnan as ix+re.a nyt•saanty Malta!'w a,„am glut m,S la, o►•11411 ronape]al d...oluM1Kaat harm. 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I§ Jones_et_al.,_2019_6756.pdf Provide an email to receive a copy of morenodanae300@gmail.com your submission. 3 TEXAS CCA Texas Position Statement on Brackish Groundwater and Saline Surface Water Desalination As coastal communities in Texas increasingly turn to desalination of both brackish groundwater and saline surface water to meet growing freshwater demands, CCA Texas supports responsible, science-based practices that protect the health of our state's coastal ecosystems, fisheries, and water quality. Background Desalination is becoming more common across the Texas coast, using technologies like reverse osmosis to remove salts and produce freshwater from two main sources: • Brackish groundwater, drawn from deep aquifers with moderate salinity levels (typically 1,000-10,000 mg/L TDS), and • Saline surface water, such as seawater from bays, estuaries, or the Gulf (typically 10,000- 35,000 mg/L TDS). While desalination can provide much-needed water for municipal and industrial uses, it also produces a concentrated byproduct known as brine, a high-salinity waste stream that must be carefully managed to avoid environmental harm. Disposal of this brine, particularly through discharge into rivers,streams, or estuaries, raises significant environmental concerns that have not been adequately addressed in Texas. Envi ron menta I Concerns Scientific evidence shows that surface discharge of concentrated brine, from either brackish or marine desalination facilities, can disrupt salinity, oxygen levels, and water quality in sensitive coastal systems.These changes can: • Exceed salinity tolerances for many fish and invertebrates, causing stress, habitat loss, or even mortality. • Degrade vital habitats such as seagrass beds and oyster reefs that support redfish,trout, flounder, and other important species. • Disrupt the natural ecological balance, especially in already stressed or poorly flushed bay systems. While in rare cases some brine discharges might dilute overly salty or stagnant water,these situations are highly site-specific and temporary and are often outweighed by long-term risks to coastal health and biodiversity. CCA Texas Recom menc ations Above all, CCA Texas is guided by our commitment to sustainable coastal fisheries, which has shaped our position on previous desalination discharge permits. In addition to the Harte Research Institute's recommendations, CCA Texas urges the following for all desalination projects,which include both brackish groundwater and saline surface water projects: • Avoid surface discharge of brine into rivers, streams, or estuaries, particularly in shallow, semi-enclosed, or poorly flushed bay systems. • Prioritize deep-well injection into isolated underground formations, ensuring no risk of contamination to freshwater aquifers or groundwater-dependent ecosystems. significant environmental concerns that have not been adequately addressed in lexas. • Environmental Concerns Scientific evidence shows that surface discharge of concentrated brine, from either brackish or marine desalination facilities, can disrupt salinity,oxygen levels, and water quality in sensitive coastal systems.These changes can: • Exceed salinity tolerances for many fish and invertebrates, causing stress, habitat loss, or even mortality. • Degrade vital habitats such as seagrass beds and oyster reefs that support redfish,trout, flounder, and other important species. • Disrupt the natural ecological balance, especially in already stressed or poorly flushed bay systems. While in rare cases some brine discharges might dilute overly salty or stagnant water, these situations are highly site-specific and temporary and are often outweighed by long-term risks to coastal health and biodiversity. CCA Texas Recommendations Above all, CCA Texas is guided by our commitment to sustainable coastal fisheries, which has shaped our position on previous desalination discharge permits. In addition to the Harte Research Institute's recommendations, CCA Texas urges the following for all desalination projects,which include both brackish groundwater and saline surface water projects: • Avoid surface discharge of brine into rivers, streams, or estuaries, particularly in shallow, semi-enclosed, or poorly flushed bay systems. • Prioritize deep-well injection into isolated underground formations, ensuring no risk of contamination to freshwater aquifers or groundwater-dependent ecosystems. • Support offshore discharge where deep-well injection is not feasible, but only after thorough modeling shows negligible impact on marine ecosystems. • Require a strong environmental review before any discharge is approved, including: • Hydrologic and salinity modeling under seasonal and climatic variations • Baseline and post-discharge biological assessments • Transparent engagement with the public and resource stakeholders • Establish benchmark hydrological studies and site-specific science before any discharge is considered.At minimum, we need comprehensive baseline data and peer-reviewed studies to assess potential impacts and determine if such discharges can be done without harm to ecosystem function. • Encourage continued research and monitoring to fully understand the cumulative impacts of desalination and guide adaptive management or mitigation strategies, utilizing advice and expertise provided by unbiased academic research institutions, i.e.,Texas A&M University Corpus Christi - Harte Research Institute and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute. Conclusion Texas must pursue innovative solutions to meet growing water demands, but not at the expense of our coastal ecosystems and our world-class saltwater fishery,which generates an estimated $4.2 billion in annual economic impact according to the 2022 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. CCA Texas is committed to working alongside government agencies and private partners to identify new water resources in ways that are both sustainable and ecologically responsible. We believe Texas can secure its water future without compromising the health of our bays and estuaries by focusing on large-scale desalination projects that utilize offshore intake and discharge, minimizing risk to our most sensitive coastal habitats. CCA Texas will continue to advocate for practices that are grounded in science and protective of the people, places, and fisheries that define the Texas coast.Our coastal communities rely on healthy bays for their livelihoods, for recreation, and for the peace of mind that comes from knowina these natural treasures will be here for aenerations to come. Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 r ; Contents lists available at ScienceDirect I Science Total Environment Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Review The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook !or mates Edward Jones a'b, Manzoor Qadir a,*, Michelle T.H.van Vliet b,Vladimir Smakhtin a, Seong-mu Kang a'` United Nations University:Institute for Water,Environment and Health(UNU-INWEH),Canada n Water Systems and Global Change,Wageningen University,the Netherlands Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST),South Korea HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • Unconventional water resources are key to support SDG 6 achievement • Desalinated water production is P y� 95.37 million m3/day. .y" . • Brine production and energy consump- F _ r• w, tion are key barriers to desalination ex- s pansion. ?' • Brine production is 141.5 million m3/day, r Ns• L. cmy awrwnm uo.a, I' 50%greater than previous estimates. �,.,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,, �. • Innovation and developments in brine _ management and disposal options are required. r..a. W ^ �/� �� , .5 Inaba Wider, I, n„ - _ .w,.esr e�we.tgr _ RR=recovery ratio \ —�•— ��—� ' ABSTRACT Rising water demands and diminishing water supplies are exacerbating water scarcity in most world regions. Conventional approaches relying on rainfall and river runoff in water scarce areas are no longer sufficient to meet human demands.Unconventional water resources,such as desalinated water,are expected to play a key role in narrowing the water demand-supply gap.Our synthesis of desalination data suggests that there are 15,906 operational desalination plants producing around 95 million m3/day of desalinated water for human use,of which 48%is produced in the Middle East and North Africa region.A major challenge associated with de- salination technologies is the production ofa typically hypersaline concentrate(termed'brine')discharge that re- quires disposal,which is both costly and associated with negative environmental impacts.Our estimates reveal brine production to be around 142 million m3/day,approximately 50%greater than previous quantifications. Brine production in Saudi Arabia,UAE,Kuwait and Qatar accounts for 55%of the total global share.Improved brine management strategies are required to limit the negative environmental impacts and reduce the economic cost of disposal,thereby stimulating further developments in desalination facilities to safeguard water supplies for current and future generations. ©2018 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. Corresponding author. E-mail address:Manzoor.Qadir@unu.edu(M.Qadir). haps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv2018.12.076 0048-9697/0 2018 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. 1344 E Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 Contents 1. Introduction 1344 2. Methodology 1345 2.1. Global status of desalination:research and practice 1345 2.1.1. Desalination in research 1345 2.12. Desalination in practice 1345 22. Brine production 1345 3. Results 1346 3.1. Research trends in desalination 1346 32. Global state of desalination 1346 33. Brine production 1349 4. Discussion 1352 5. Conclusions&outlook 1354 Acknowledgements 1355 Appendix A. Supplementary information 1355 References 1355 1.Introduction advances,coupled with rising costs and the diminishing supply and se- curity of"conventional"water resources,have made desalination a cost- Rising water demands associated with population growth,increased competitive and attractive water resources management option around water consumption per capita and economic growth, coupled with the globe(Ghaffour et al.,2013;Sood and Smakhtin,2014;Caldera and diminishing water supplies due to climate change and contamination, Breyer,2017;Dane and Toor,2018).Nowadays,an estimated 15,906 are exacerbating water scarcity in most world regions(Richter et al., desalination plants are currently operational,located in 177 countries 2013;Djuma et al.,2016;Damania et al.,2017).Recent estimates suggest and territories across all major world regions. that 40%of the global population faces severe water scarcity,rising to 60% Realising the vast potential of desalinated water remains a challenge by 2025(Schewe et al.,2014).Furthermore,66%of the global population due to specific barriers,predominantly associated with the relatively (4 billion)currently lives in conditions of severe water scarcity for at least high economic costs and a variety of environmental concerns (e.g. one month per year(Mekonnen and Hoekstra,2016).These statistics Einav et al.,2002;Roberts et al.,2010;Richter et al.,2013;Darre and demonstrate that"conventional"sources of water such as rainfall,snow- Toor,2018).Continued improvements in membrane technologies,en- melt and river runoff captured in lakes,rivers,and aquifers are no longer ergy recovery systems and coupling desalination plants with renewable sufficient to meet human demands in water-scarce areas.This is in direct energy sources provide opportunities for reducing the economic costs of conflict with Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)6,aimed at ensuring desalination(Elimelech and Phillip,2011; Pinto and Marques,2017; the availability of clean water for current and future generations. Darre and Toor,2018),whilst trends towards stricter environmental Water-scarce countries and communities need a radical re-think of guidelines and permitting factors may cause the falling trend in desalina- water resource planning and management that includes the creative ex- tion costs to slow,level off or reverse(Pinto and Marques,2017).Regard- ploitation of a growing set of viable but unconventional water resources less,continued reductions in the economic costs of desalination will be for sector water uses,livelihoods,ecosystems,climate change adapta- required for desalination to be considered a viable option for addressing tion,and sustainable development(Qadir,2018).Whilst water demand SDG 6 in low income countries.Detailed evaluations of the challenges mitigation approaches such as water conservation and improved effi- and opportunities associated with the economics of desalination are pro- ciencies can somewhat close the water demand and supply gap,these vided by Ghaffour et al.(2013)and Pinto and Marques(2017). approaches must be combined with supply enhancement strategies in The safe disposal of effluent produced in the desalination process order to combat water scarcity(Gude,2017).Such water resources con- remains a particular concern and a major technical and economic servation and supply enhancement strategies are already practiced in challenge (Roberts et al.,2010).The desalination process separates some water-scarce areas.However,expansion is required,particularly intake water into two different streams-a freshwater stream(product in areas where water scarcity and water quality deterioration is intensi- water)and a concentrate waste stream(Wenten et al.,2017).The salin- fying(van Vliet et al.,2017;Jones and van Vliet,2018). ity of the concentrate stream depends on the salinity of the feedwater. Among the water supply enhancement options,desalination of sea- As the vast majority of concentrate is produced from saline water water and highly brackish water has received the most consideration (>95%from SW and BW sources),the term'brine'is used throughout and is increasingly seen as a viable option to meet primarily domestic this paper.However,it should be noted that desalination plants operat- and municipal needs.Desalination is the process of removing salts ing with low saline feedwater types(e.g.RW,FW)produce concentrate from water to produce water that meets the quality(salinity)require- with a lower salinity than typically associated with the term'brine'. ments of different human uses(Dane and Toor,2018).Seawater desa- A desalination plant water recovery ratio(RR),defined as the volu- lination can extend water supplies beyond what is available from the metric processing efficiency of the purification process(Harvey,2008),in- hydrological cycle,providing an"unlimited",climate-independent and dicates the proportion of intake water that is converted into high quality steady supply of high-quality water (Elimelech and Phillip, 2011). (low salinity)water for sectoral use.The remaining water(calculated as Brackish surface and groundwater desalination offers reductions in the (1 — RR)) is the proportion of intake water being converted into a salinity levels of existing terrestrial freshwater resources below sectoral waste(brine)stream,which requires management For example,a desa- thresholds(Gude,2017). lination plant operating with a recovery ratio of 0.4 means that 40%of in- The uptake of desalination has been substantial,but limited predom- take water is converted into product water,and by extension 60%of inantly to high income countries(e.g.Saudi Arabia,UAE,Kuwait)and intake water is converted into brine.The RR of a desalination plant is de- small island nations(e.g.Malta,Cyprus)with highly limited'conven- pendent on and controlled by a number of factors(Xu et al.,2013).Differ- tional'water resources(e.g.rainfall,snowmelt).However,reductions ent desalination technologies are associated with variations in RR,with in the economic cost of desalination associated with technological membrane technologies typically associated with a much higher RR • E Jones et aL/Sdence of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 1345 than possible with thermal technologies(Xu et al.,2013).The feedwater Saharan Africa;and 8)Western Europe.Country data was used to assign quality is also important,with it being much more difficult(and expen- each desalination plant to one of four economic levels based on the 2018 sive)to operate desalination plants at a high level of water recovery World Bank Income groups,whereby GNI per capita($)is estimated when the feedwater salinity is high(Harvey,2008). using the World Bank Atlas method.Countries are assigned to one of With the aim of providing a global assessment of the research and four economic classifications: 1) High income (>$12,056 GNI per practice around desalination, the objectives of this study are to: capita);2)Upper middle income($3896 to$12,055);3)Lower middle (1) share an insight into the historical development of desalination; income($966 to$3895);and 4)Low income(4995). (2)provide a state-of-the-art outlook on the status of desalination,consid- The sector(or'customer type')for each desalination plant was sep- ering the number of desalination facilities and their associated treatment arated into six categories: 1) Municipal (including tourist drinking capacity with regards to aspects such as geographical distribution,desali- water facilities);2)Industry;3)Power stations;4)Irrigation;5)Mili- nation technologies,feedwater types and water uses;and(3)assess brine tary;and 6)Other.'Other'comprises uses of Demonstration,Process production from desalination facilities and the management implications and Water Injection,which are not considered separately as they ac- of the produced brine.This study therefore seeks to update the literature count for<0.2%of total desalinated water use. on the state of desalination in both research and practice,which is out- Feedwater type is separated into six categories in DesalData(2018) dated.Furthermore,this study makes the first comprehensive quantifica- expressed in ppm Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): 1) Seawater (SW) ton of the volume of brine produced by desalination facilities,employing [20,000-50,000 ppm TDS];2)Brackish water(BW)[3000-20,000 ppm a novel methodology that considers the efficiency of desalination plants TDS];3)River water(RW)[500-3000 ppm TDS];4)Pure water(PW) based on both their operating technology and the feedwater type. [<500 ppm TDS];5)Brine(BR)[>50,000 ppm TDS];and 6)Wastewater (WW).Despite having a typically high base quality(low salinity),desali- 2.Methodology nation of RW is practiced for a range of different sectoral uses(e.g.drink- ing water,irrigation) to reduce water salinity below specific sectoral 2.1.Global status of desalination:research and practice thresholds.PW as a feedwater source is typically used for industrial appli- cations which require very high quality(low salinity)water,such as the 2.1.1.Desalination in research pharmaceutical and food production industries. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the major re- Desalination technology was separated into seven categories:1)Re- search trends in the field of desalination.The Science Citation Index Ex- verse Osmosis(RO);2)Multi-Stage Flash(MSF);3)Multi-Effect Distil- panded(SCI-EXPANDED)from the Web of Science Core collection was lation(MED);4)Nanofiltration(NF);5)Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis used for the time period 1980 to 2018.This study firstly categorises de- Reversal(ED);(6)Electrodeionization(EDI);and 7)Other.'Other'in- salination publications based on major research theme('technology', cluded a variety of technologies such as 1)Forward Osmosis(FO);2)Hy- 'environment','economic and energy'and 'social interests').Subse- brid(HYB);3)Membrane distillation(MD);4)Vapour compression quently,considering the'technology'category,trends in research on (VP);and 5)Unknown.As the technologies grouped together under specific technologies ('Reverse Osmosis', 'Multi-Effect Distillation', the'Other'category contribute a total of<1%of the total desalinated 'Multi-Stage Flash','Electrodialysis','Emerging'and'Other')were exam- water produced,these technologies were not considered individually. fined.'Emerging'refers to technologies largely in the R&D phase(For- ward Osmosis, Membrane Distillation and Nanofiltration) whereas 22.Brine production older,less prevalent technologies were categorised as'other'(Humidifi- cation-Dehumidification,Solar Stills and Vapour Compression).The The volume of brine produced was determined at each individual precise methodology adopted for the bibliometric study is presented (operational) desalination plant using three factors contained in in the Supplementary material. DesalData(2018)-feedwater type,desalination technology and treat- ment capacity(m3/day).We consider the water recovery ratios associ- 2.12.Desalination in practice ated with different feedwater-desalination technology combinations A global database containing information on approximately 20,000 and calculate the brine production based on this recovery ratio and desalination plants(version of 2018)was obtained from Global Water the plant capacity using Eq.(1). Intelligence(GWI) (https://www.desaldata.com).The database con- tains information on the plant status,operational year,plant capacity, Qb=Qd,(1_RR) (1) geographic location(region,country,coordinates),customer type,desa- RR lination technology and feedwater type of each individual desalination whereby Qb is the volume of brine produced(m3/day);Qd is the desa- plant.The precise geographic location of each desalination plant was lination plant treatment capacity(m3/day)and;RR is the recovery ratio. plotted in ArcGIS using latitude and longitude data.The rest of the In total,41 different feedwater type and desalination technology data was tabulated using pivot tables in Microsoft Excel to assess staffs combinations are currently operational.The recovery ratio associated tics of multiple desalination plants per region,technology and other cat with each of these feedwater-technology combinations was determined egories. Desalination data (number and capacity of plants) was using two methods.Firstly,a literature study was conducted in order to subsequently analysed at the global,regional and national scale.The identify values of recovery ratios(or%water efficiency)for different specifics within each category by which the global state of desalination technologies and feedwater types reported in existing studies.When was analysed are as follows. recovery ratios were expressed as a range,the midpoint was used.In Plant status was categorised as either 1)Online:2)Presumed online; total,89 recovery ratios were found in the literature across a range of 3)Construction;4)Presumed offline;or 5)Offline.In this study,desali- feedwater-technology combinations.Secondly,influent and effluent nation plants were considered'Operational'if they were classified as ei- salinity data from individual desalination plants operating with ther'Online','Presumed online'or`Construction'. Operational year membrane technologies was used to estimate recovery ratios using refers to the year in which the desalination plant opened,assigned Eqs.(2)and(3)(Bashitialshaaer et al.,2009). unanimously as 2020 for all plants currently in construction.Plant desa- lination capacity,or the volume of high quality product water produced Sf for human use,is provided in m3/day for each desalination plant. Sb—1-RR (2) Eight geographic regions were identified: 1) East Asia&Pacific; 2)Eastern Europe&Central Asia;3)Latin America&Caribbean;4)Mid- RR=1—Sf (3) dle East&North Africa;5)North America;6)Southern Asia;7)Sub- Sb 1346 E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 whereby Sb is the brine salinity and Sf is the feedwater salinity,with such as river regulation(e.g.dam buildings)and water transfers(March both salinities expressed in the same units(e.g.mS/cm for EC,mg/I for et al.,2014),which may in part explain the lack of publications.Further- TDS). more,desalination operations are not typically associated with the We obtained 30 additional recovery ratios using this method,which gender issues and community-based factors associated with other un- were combined with recovery ratios identified in the literature to pro- conventional water resources, such as fog water harvesting (Qadir duce 119 records.From this,average recovery ratios could be identified et al.,2018;Lucier and Qadir,2018).However,desalinated operations for 18 of the 41 technology-feedwater.Whilst this coverage might are associated with some important(and under-researched)policy- seem low,desalination-technology combinations are not all equally related aspects,such as the lack of specific water standards for desali- prevalent in terms of number of plants and desalination capacity. nated water for both the municipal(Chen et al.,2015)and agricultural These 14 combinations account for>80%of the total desalinated water sectors(Martinez-Alvarez et al.,2016).As desalination continues to be- produced globally,with the top three combinations(seawater(SW)- come a more prevalent water resources management technology in the RO,brackish water(BW)-R0 and SW-MSF)accounting for 70%of the future,the number of publications across all categories,and especially produced desalinated water alone.In order to determine recovery ratios environmental and socio-political themes, is expected to increase for the remaining feedwater-technology combinations,a number of as- rapidly. sumptions and estimations were made(Table 1). Publications addressing technological aspects have dominated the Latitude and longitude data was used to calculate the distance of research history of desalination(Fig. 1).Fig.2 further explores this each desalination plant from the nearest coastline using the Spatial An- trend by categorising'technological'publications by specific technol- alyst tool in ArcGIS.Combined with the estimated brine production for ogy.RO is the most researched technology throughout the entire time each desalination plant,we calculated the volume of brine produced period,with the number of publications approximately doubling each at different distances from the coastline to consider the implications five-year period.Research into'emerging'technologies(FO,MD and for brine management. NF)is increasing at the most rapid pace with increasing recognisation of their potential advantages over existing commercial technologies. 3.Results These include factors such as operating at higher water recovery ratios and requiring less and/or sustainable energy(Subramani and Jacangelo, 3.1.Research trends in desalination 2015).Thermal technologies(MED and MSF),despite accounting for a significant share in the amount of desalinated water produced,have re- Trends in the research history of desalination are displayed in Fig.1. ceived comparatively little attention in recent literature.Whilst publica- Approximately 16,500 publications were found to have been produced tions addressing MSF and MED accounted for a significant proportion of on the topic of desalination since 1980.Research in desalination has research in the 1980s and 1990s, they are now the overall least grown exponentially,with the total number of publications approxi- researched technologies.Concerns over the energy costs,efficiency mately doubling with each five-year period (e.g. -5000 in 2010 to and environmental impacts of thermal processes,and the development -11,000 in 2015).The large majority of publications focus on technolog- of more efficient membrane technologies and techniques(particularly ical aspects of desalination(e.g.75%in 2005).As such,desalination lit- RO),likely explain this trend. erature focusing on technological aspects has driven the overall trend in desalination research.Whilst the proportion of desalination literature 32.Global state of desalination covering technological aspects is still high(72%),there has been an emergence of literature covering alternative aspects of desalination, There are 15,906 operational desalination plants with a total particularly related to economics and energy and environmental con- desalination capacity of approximately 95.37 million m3/day cerns.The number of publications considering economic aspects of de- (34.81 billion m3/year),constituting 81%and 93%of the total num- salination has increased dramatically in recent decades,from<400 in ber and capacity of desalination plants ever built respectively 2000 to>5000 in 2018.Historically,the environmental impacts of desa- (Fig.3a).Early desalination plants predominantly utilised thermal lination were severely neglected,with just 118 publications before technologies,located in oil-rich but water scarce regions,espe- 2000.However,literature published in this category is now increasing cially in the Middle East.For example,prior to the 1980s,84%of at the fastest rate,with an additional-2000 publications since 2000. all global desalinated water was being produced by the two major The number of publications addressing socio-political aspects of desali- thermal technologies(MSF,MED).The rise in the use of membrane nation is relatively low.Desalination is not typically associated with so- technologies post-1980,in particular RO,gradually shifted the dominance cial opposition and conflict associated with other water supply schemes away from thermal technologies.In 2000,the volumes of desalinated water produced by thermal technologies(dominated by MSF)and RO were approximately equal at 11.6 million m3/day and 11.4 m3/day re- Table 1 spectively,together accounting for 93%of the total volume of desalinated Assumptions and estimations used determining the recovery ratios of feedwater-technol- water produced(Fig.3b).Since 2000,both the number and capacity of RO ogy combinations used in operational desalination planks. plants has risen exponentially,whilst thermal technologies have only ex- Assumption perienced marginal increases(Fig.3b).The current production of desali- 1 When brackish water(BW)recovery is known,the water recovery ratio of nated water from reverse osmosis now stands at 65.5 million m3/day, brine(BR)(TDS>50,000 ppm),seawater(SW)(TDS 20,000-50,000 ppm), river water(RW)(TDS 500-3000 ppm)and pure water(PW)(TDS<500 ppm) accounting for 69%of the volume of desalinated water produced. is assumed to be the 95th,90th,10th and 5th percentiles of brackish water The spatial distribution,size and customer type of desalination facil- technologies respectively. ities(>1000 m3/day)are displayed in Fig.4.Large numbers of desalina- 2 When brackish water(BW)recovery is unknown but seawater water(SW) tion facilities are located in the United States,China and Australia and recovery is known,the water recovery ratio of brine water(BR),brackish across the regions of Europe,North Africa and the Middle East.Rela- water(BW),river water(RW)and pure water(PA')is assumed to be the 90th, 25th,10th and 5th percentiles of seawater technologies respectively. tively few desalination facilities are located in South America and 3 The recovery rate of wastewater(WW)for each technology is assumed to be Africa,with existing facilities predominantly designed to produce desa- equal to the recovery rate of brackish water for the same technology. linated water for the industrial sector.Desalination plants globally are Estimation concentrated on and around the coastline,with coastal desalination 1 Other technologies cover a range of different technologies.An estimated 40%water plants also tending to be larger than inland desalination plants.Plants recovery ratio was assigned for highly saline water(above 20,000 ppm)and 60% producing municipal water are located worldwide,but are particularly recovery for brackish and slightly saline water sources(below 20,000 ppm). dominant in the Middle East&North Africa region.Comparatively, E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 1347 18000 - —Total 16000 —Technological —Economics&Energy 14000 - —Environment —Socio-political 12000 - in C 0 To 10000 - 7 O. 8000 - 0 ar .0 E 6000 - z 4000 - 2000 - 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year Fig.1.Number of desalination publications by categorisation(total,technical,social,environment,energy&economic). 7000 —RO —MED 6000 —MSF —ED Emerging Tech 5000 —Others N C 0 r. 4000 V_ a 0 3000 .0 E z• 2000 1000 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year Fig.2.Number of publications by type of desalination technology(Reverse Osmosis[RO],Multi-Effect Distillation[MEDI,Multi-Stage Flash[MSF],Electrodialysis[ED]),emerging technologies(Nanofiltration[NE],Forward Osmosis IFOl and Membrane Distillation[MD])and other(Humidification-Dehumidification[HDH],Solar Stills[SS]and Vapour Compression[VC]). 1348 E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 a. 120 120 20000 b. — Total 100 RO— MSF A • 17500 100- — MED -- \ N > 80 ED \ ; _ 15000 ur 6 E 40 2500 0 60- 20 ---... _ - __- 0 m �A - 10000 N a N !..",i Np, 0 0 40- 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 \ § \\� �� 7//�, \ E m ` ♦ •� 0 "•�///� �� -5000 Z yam, ' �/ 20. _ 4 0 N,..,".. \� 1� �j �/4 k 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year ®Desalination Plants ®Operational Desalination Plants ---Desalination Capacity —Operational Desalination Capacity Fig.3.Trends in global desalination by(a)number and capacity of total and operational desalination facilities and(b)operational capacity by desalination technology. there is a far greater proportion of desalination plants producing water accounting for the majority of the global desalination capacity(71%). for non-municipal purposes in North America,Western Europe and East Conversely,very few desalination plants are located in low income Asia and Pacific regions,whereby generation of water for industrial and countries,which contribute a negligible proportion(<0.1%)of the global power applications also command large market shares(Fig.4). desalination capacity. The number and capacity of desalination plants by geographic re- Whilst almost half of the total number of desalination plants pro- gion, country income level and sectoral use of desalinated water duce water for the industrial sector,the municipal sector is the largest (Table 2)reveal that almost half of the global desalination capacity is lo- user of desalinated water in terms of capacity.62.3%of desalinated cated in the Middle East and North Africa region (48%),with Saudi water is produced for human consumption(municipal sector),com- Arabia(15.5%),the United Arab Emirates(10.1%)and Kuwait(3.7%) pared to 30.2%for industrial applications.This pattern occurs due to being both the major producers in the region and globally.East Asia the (typically) smaller capacity of industrial desalination facilities, and Pacific and North America regions produce 18.4%and 11.9%of the which average 3712 m3/day,compared to desalination plants producing global desalinated water,primarily due to large capacities in China municipal water that average 12,126 m3/day.Whilst the municipal and (7.5%) and the USA(11.2%).The widespread use of desalination in industrial sectors account for the vast majority of the global desalination Spain(5.7%)accounts for over half of the total desalination in Western capacity,the power(4.8%)and irrigation(1.8%)sectors consume a small Europe(9.2%).The global share in desalination capacity is lower for but significant proportion of produced desalinated water. Southern Asia(3.1%),Eastern Europe and Central Asia(2,4%)and Sub- Of the desalination technologies,RO is by far the most dominant pro- Saharan Africa (1.9%),where desalination is primarily restricted to cess,accounting for 84%of the total number of operational desalination small facilities for private and industrial applications.The majority of plants,producing 69%(65.5 million m3/day)of the total global desali- desalination facilities are located in high income countries (67%), nated water(Fig.5a).The two major thermal technologies,MSF and ,simmiewit. ' •-fir 14111110*1461rAti - " % ailtrb,.. • 14%-1, ,.. A" : '.''',.. rJ cif/ • r; IAA • F Capacity(m'/d) Customer Type . 0 1,000-10,000 • Municipal E"' -$I_.;.,, i ' • O 10,000-50,000 • Industry 0 50,000-100,000 • Irrigation O 100,000-250,000 O Power 0>250000 0 Other Fig.4.Global distribution of operational desalination facilities and capacities(>1000 m3/day)by sector user of produced water. E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 1 349 Table 2 MSF,SW-MED,RW-RO,WW-RO,BW-ED,RW-ED)are responsible for Number,capacity and global share of operational desalination plants by region,country in- the production of over 90%of the global desalinated water. come level and sector use. Fig. 6 reveals the spatial distribution and size of large Number of desalination Desalination (>10,000 m3/day) desalination plants operating under different plants capacity feedwater-technology combinations.Thermal desalination technologies (million (%) (MED,MSF)operating with sea water as the feedwater type are dominant m3/day) in the Middle East,with the exception of a large number of BW-RO plants Global 15,906 95.37 loo located in inland Saudi Arabia.Outside of this region,very few large ther- Geographic region mal plants exist,with RO being the dominant technology across a range of Middle East and North Africa 4826 45.32 47.5 feedwater types.For example,large desalination plants in Australia oper- East Asia and Pacific 3505 17.52 18.4 ate almost exclusively using RO technology, but with a variety of North America 2341 11.34 11.9 Western Europe 2337 8.75 9.2 feedwater types including SW,BW and WW.RO is also the dominant Latin America and Caribbean 1373 5.46 5.7 technology across the United States,although the vast majority of desali- Southern Asia 655 2.94 3.1 nation plants operate using BW and RW,with only a small number of sea- Eastern Europe and Central Asia 566 2.26 2.4 water plants located in California and Florida.Western Europe,and in Sub-Saharan Africa 303 1.78 1.9 Income level particular Spain,is dominated by RO using a variety of feedwater sources, High 10,684 67.24 70.5 although there is also a significant number of desalination plants operat- Upper middle 3075 19.16 20.1 ing using alternative technologies such as ED and NF.Lastly,SW-RO dom- Lower middle 2056 8.88 9.3 inates desalination in the coastal areas of Asia,although a significant Low 53 0.04 0.0 number of BW-and RW-RO plants are located inland. Sector use Municipal 6055 59.39 62.3 Industry 7757 28.80 30.2 3.3.Brine production Power 1096 4.56 4.8 Irrigation 395 1.69 1.8 The water recovery efficiency of desalination operations depends on Military 41 0.90 0.4 Other 191 0.90 0.4 typedesalination technology quality both the of hnolo and theof feedwater used,and therefore both of these factors must be considered when quantifying brine production (Xu et al., 2013).Table 3 displays the MED,despite being relatively few in number,produce the majority of water recovery ratios associated with the major feedwater-technology the remaining desalinated water,with market shares of 18%and 7%re- combinations in operation. spectively(Fig.5a).In total,these three technologies account for 94%of For all technologies,the recovery ratio increases as the feedwater the total desalinated water produced,with plants using NF(3%),ED quality increases(salinity decreases),with BR associated with the low- (2%)and EDI(<1%)technologies producing smaller volume of desali- est water recovery ratios and PW associated with the highest recovery nated water(Fig.5a). ratios. Feedwater type is a substantial determinant of the recovery In terms of feedwater source,which is indicative of feedwater qual- ratio associated with a particular technology. For example,SW-RO ity,SW desalination accounts for 61%of produced water(Fig.5b).Desa- operates at a substantially lower recovery ratio (0.42) compared to lination of BW and RW produce the next largest volumes of desalinated BW-RO(0.65)and RW-RO(0.85).Similarly,BW-NF(0.83)is substan- water,with market shares of 21%and 8%respectively(Fig.5b).In total, tially more efficient than SW-NF(0.69).Individual desalination technol- these three sources account for 90%of the total volume of desalinated ogies are also associated with vastly different recovery ratios.Thermal water produced,with the remainder being produced from WW(6%), technologies (e.g. MSF, MED) are typically associated with much PW(4%)and BR(<1%). lower recovery ratios than membrane technologies(e.g.R0,NF).For ex- Whilst Fig.5 clearly demonstrates the relative dominance of R0,MSF ample,the recovery ratio of MSF across all feedwater types is approxi- and MED in terms of desalination technology,and SW,BW and RW in mately half that of RO.The water recovery ratio of other membrane terms of feedwater source,the combination of both these factors is im- technologies(NF,ED,EDI,EDR)is substantially higher than RO across portant.Desalination technologies can be considered semi-specialised all feedwater types. in that they operate most efficiently when using particular source Energy requirements,and hence economic costs,vary depending on water types,or that their economic viability is dependent on source feedwater type.For membrane technologies,low salinity feedwater water type,and hence some feedwater-technology combinations are types (e.g. RW) require less applied pressure than high salinity significantly more prevalent than others. feedwater types(e.g.SW)for desalination,causing lower energy con- RO is a process that is economically viable across a range of sumption per unit water produced(Ghaffour et al.,2013).This results feedwater types,and hence the feedwater type used is dependent on in substantially lower investment costs(Ghaffour et al.,2013).How- local availability(Fig.5).50%and 27%of the desalinated water that is ever,highly efficient membrane technologies are rarely used for desali- produced from RO desalination plants,accounting for 34%and 19%of nation of highly saline feedwater types, with a total of just 0.01% the global desalination capacity,originates from SW and BW water,re- desalinated water being produced by SW or BR in combination with spectively.RO of RW(7%)and WW(5%)also contributes a significant NF,ED,EDI and EDR.For highly saline feedwater types,RO and thermal proportion of the global desalination capacity.Comparatively,thermal processes(e.g.MSF,MED)dominate.Whilst thermal technologies(par- technologies are used almost exclusively for low quality(highly saline) ticularly MED)are associated with higher energy consumption,the eco- feedwater types. 96% of MSF plants and 80% of MED plants use nomic cost of desalting SW is comparable to RO due to lower feedwater with>20,000 ppm TDS,the vast majority of which use sea investment costs(Ghaffour et al.,2013). water.SW accounts for 99.9%and 92%of the total volume of desalinated Current global brine production stands at 141.5 million m3/day,to- water produced by MSF and MED respectively,representing global mar- taling 51.7 billion m3/year(Table 4).This value is approximately 50% ket shares of 18%and 6%.Conversely,plants operating with ED as the greater than the total volume of desalinated water produced globally. desalination technology typically require water of a higher base quality Global brine production is concentrated in the Middle East and North (lower salinity).60%and 20%of the desalinated water produced by ED Africa,which produces almost 100 million m3/day of brine,accounting originates as BW and RW respectively,contributing a small but signifi- for 70.3%of global brine production.This value is approximately double cant proportion of the total global volume of desalinated water. In the volume of desalinated water produced,indicating that desalination total,eight feedwater-technology combinations(SW-RO,BW-RO,SW- plants in this region operate at an(very low)average water recovery 1350 E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 16000 152 3% 2%<1% 936 134 m14000 895 343 a• 12000 ▪ 1000018% $'To8000 13446 & 6000 45• 4000101,%7% E 2 2000 •Reverse Osmosis(RO) •Multi-Stage Flash(MSF) 0 •Multi-Effect Distillation(MED) Nanofiltration(NF) Technology •Electrodialysis(ED) •Other b. 16000 100 4% <1% 1739 6% ,. 0 14000 954 8% :r i:•? w 12000 1825 r:r •r::•: ▪ 10000 • • 5960 To 8000 6000 21% 61% ffi 4000 5328 Z 2000 • • 0 Sea Water(SW) •Brackish Water(BW) Feedwater °River Water(RW) Waste Water(WW) •Pure Water(PW) •Brine(BR) Fig.5.Number and capacity of operational desalination facilities by(a)technology and(b)feedwater type. ratio of 0.25.Comparatively,all other regions produce substantially accounting for 22.2%of the global share.The next three largest pro- lower volumes of brine,with East Asia and Pacific(10.5%),Western ducers of brine are also oil-rich countries,with the UAE,Kuwait and Europe(5.9%)and North America(3.9%)having the next largest shares. Qatar having 20.2%,6.6%and 5.8%shares in global brine production re- Interestingly,these regions produce a substantially lower volume of spectively.Together,these four nations produce 32%of global desali- brine than the amount of desalinated water they produce,indicating nated water and 55% of the total brine. Comparatively, the USA that recovery ratios are generally high.This is particularly apparent for produces 10.91 million m3/day of desalinated water (11.4% global North America,which produces a substantially lower volume of brine share) but produces just 5.28 million m3/day of brine (3.7% global than it does desalinated water,suggesting that desalination facilities op- share).Upper middle income,lower middle income and low income erate at an average recovery ratio of 0.75.In other geographical regions, countries tend to produce quantities of brine similar to that of their re- brine production is approximately equivalent to desalinated water pro- spective desalination capacities. duction(i.e.RR=0.5). Water produced for the municipal sector is by far the largest pro- As with desalinated water production,high income countries pro- ducer of both desalinated water and brine,although the quantity of duce the vast majority of global brine(77.9%).It should be noted that brine produced is much greater.This pattern arises primarily due to 'high income' includes both countries from both highly developed the vast quantity of desalinated drinking water produced for the Gulf world regions(e.g.North America,Western Europe),whose brine pro- nations,whereby thermal technologies operating with SW dominate. duction tends to be smaller relative to the desalinated water production, Both the industrial and agricultural sectors produce lower quantities and the oil-rich Gulf nations who typically employ thermal desalination of brine than desalinated water,indicating desalinated water for these technologies with low recovery ratios,hence high brine production.For sectors is produced by feedwater-technology combinations with higher example, Saudi Arabia alone produces 31.53 million m3/day brine, water recovery ratios.This is particularly pronounced in the agricultural E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 1351 Aim ."..._""40. _::irtz. . . . • . -4404L, ":-'kwitil- ��ard ,� • ` i f _ • *t, ,��• ` :..-) ) :?, J _ Feedwater Technology Capacity(ml/d) ' ■Seawater 0 RO ❑ 10,000-50,000 •Brackish A MED 0 50,000-100,000 ■River ❑MSF 0 100,000-250,000 ■Waste *ED 0 >250,000 ❑Other p Other Fig.6.Global distribution of large desalination plants by capacity.feedwater type and desalination technology. sector due to the dominance of high-quality(low salinity)feedwater Whilst brine disposal into saline surface water bodies raises some sources used for producing desalinated water for use in agriculture important environmental concerns,this option is extremely economical sector. (Arnal et al.,2005).However,this option is often not available for inland The geographical location of brine production influences the eco- desalination plants,which account for a smaller yet significant propor- nomic and technical viability of different methods of brine disposal tion of the volume of brine being produced.Almost 22 million m3/day (Arnal et al., 2005). Desalination plants located near the shoreline of brine is produced at a distance of>50 km from the nearest coastline often discharge untreated brine directly into saline surface water bodies (Table 5).Despite the large volume of brine produced inland,very few (e.g.oceans,seas) (Arnal et al.,2005).As almost half of brine is pro- economically viable and environmentally sound brine management op- duced within 1 km of the coastline, rising to almost 80%produced tions exist(Arnal et al.,2005).Brine produced inland poses an impor- within 10 km,ocean disposal is assumed to be the dominant brine dis- tant problem for many countries located in all world regions,with 64 posal method worldwide(Table 5).The countries producing large vol- countries producing >10,000 m3/day of brine in inland locations umes of brine (>1 million m3/day) in coastal locations are largely (Fig.7b).Whereas the volume of brine produced in coastal locations is concentrated in the Middle East and North Africa (e.g. UAE,Saudi largely concentrated in the Middle East,inland brine production is a Arabia) and South-East Asia (China, India), and in the USA and particular issue in other locations such as China(3.82 million m3/day), Australia(Fig.7a).The volume of brine produced in many of these coun- USA(2.42 million m3/day)and Spain(1.01 million m3/day)(Fig.7b). tries far exceeds 1 million m3/day,particularly in the Middle East.In this Whilst Fig.5 considered the production of desalinated water by region,the four largest brine producers (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, technology and feedwater type separately,Fig.8a combines these two Kuwait)account for 72.2 million m3/day of the brine that is produced elements,displaying the 6 major feedwater-technology combinations within 10 km of the coastline. by volume of desalinated water produced.As displayed in Fig.5,RO is Table 3 Table 4 Recovery ratio of different feedwater-technology combinations producing desalinated Brine production and share of global total by region,income level and sector use. water. Brine production Feedwater type Technology (million m3/day) (%) RO MSF MED NE ED EDI EDR Other Global 141.5 100 Seawater(SW) 0.42 0.22 0.25 0.69 0.86 0.90 0.40 Geographic region Brackish(BW) 0.65 0.33 0.34 0.83 0.90 0.97 0.90 0.60 Middle East&North Africa 99.4 70.3 River(RW) 0.81 0.35 0.86 0.90 0.97 0.96 0.60 East Asia&Pacific 14.9 10.5 Pure(PW)' 0.86 0.35 0.89 0.90 0.97 0.96 0.60 North America 5.6 3.9 Brine(BR) 0.19 0.09 0.12 0.85 0.40 Western Europe 8.4 5.9 Wastewater(WW)b 0.65 0.33 0.34 0.83 0.90 0.97 0.60 Latin America&Caribbean 5.6 3.9 Southern Asia 3.7 2.6 Based on data from: Ahmed et al. (2001),Allison (1993),Almulla et al. (2003), Eastern Europe&Central Asia 2.5 1.8 Bashitialshaaer et al.(2007),Belatoui et al.(2017),Bleninger et aL(2010),Costa and De Sub-Saharan Africa 1.5 1.0 Pinho(2006),DesalData(2018),Efraty and Gal(2012),Fernandez-Torquemada et al. Income level (2005),Garcia et al.(2011),Gomez and Cath(2011),Greenlee et al.(2009),Hajbi et at High 110.2 77.9 (2010),Harvey(2008),Kelkar et al.(2003),Khawaji et al.(2007),Korngold et al. Upper middle 20.7 14.6 (2009),Kurihara et al.(2001),Macedonio and Drioli(2008),Mohamed et al.(2005). Lower middle 10.5 7.4 Mohsen and Gammoh(2010),Pilat(2001),Pearce et al.(2004),Qiu and Davies(2012), Low 0.03 0.0 Qurie et al.(2013),Singh(2009),Stover(2013),Valero and Athos(2010),Von Gottberg Sector use et al.(2005),Voutchkov(2011),Wilf and Klinko(2001),Xu et al.(2013),Younos Municipal 106.5 75.2 (2005)and Zhou et al.(2015). Industry 27.4 193 PW refers to water of a high base quality(low salinity),but that is desalinated pri- power stations 5.8 4.1 marily for industrial applications requiring very low salinity water(e.g.food processing, Irrigation 1.1 0.8 pharmaceutical manufacturing). Military 0.5 0.3 WW refers to reject water from municipal and industrial sources undergoing desali- Other 0.3 0.2 nation in specific W W desalination facilities. 1352 E.Jones et a1/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 Table 5 operates at very high water recovery ratios, therefore producing Brine production and share of global total by distance to coastline. 6.8 million m3/day of desalinated water(7.1%global share)whilst pro- Distance to coastline Brine production during just 1.6 million m3/day of brine(1.1%global share).Conversely, (million m3/day) (%) whilst SW-MSF desalination plants produce 16.7 million m3/day (17.6% global share) of desalinated water, brine production totals <1 km 69.0 48.8 60.1 million m3/day(43%global share). 1 km-10 km 432 30.5 10 km-50 km 73 5.2 >50 km 22.0 15.5 4.Discussion Owing to recent,rapid developments in desalination research,the the dominant desalination technology,with significant additional con- last comprehensive assessment(Tanaka and Ho,2011)available in the tributions from MSF and MED technologies(Fig.8a).However,large academic literature is outdated.This study presents statistical analysis volumes of desalination water are produced by RO from a variety of of the scientific literature covering an array of desalination topics since feedwater sources (SW,BW,RW and WW),whilst the two thermal 1980,addressing a diverse range of social and technical aspects with technologies almost exclusively use SW.The share in brine production respect to publication date,revealing patterns in publishing trends. from each desalination feedwater-technology combination is displayed Our findings suggest that research in desalination has increased expo- in Fig.8b.The vast majority of brine,124.5 million m3/day(87.9%), nentially over the last 40 years,coinciding with the more widespread comes from SW desalination plants.Comparatively,brine production recognition of the value of these technologies for water resources man- from desalination plants operating with other feedwater types is agement Research has particularly considered the technological aspects much smaller,with BW,RW and WW plants producing 10.23(7.2%), of desalination,with the vast number of publications addressing RO and 1.80(1.3%)and 3.57(2.5%)million m3/day,respectively.Individually, novel('emerging')techniques that can produce desalinated water at SW-MSF accounts for the largest volume of brine production (43%), lower economic costs and with less negative environmental implica- with SW-RO(31%),SW-MED(12%)and BW-RO(7%)accounting for tions(Arnal et al.,2005).Developments in novel desalination tech- the vast majority in the remainder of the global share(Fig.8b). niques,membrane materials and modules dominate the technological Clear discrepancies exist when comparing the volume of desalinated literature(Greenlee et al.,2009).Publications addressing economic,en- water produced to the volume of brine water produced by different vironmental and socio-political aspects of desalination are rapidly feedwater-technology combinations(Fig.8c).These differences are di- increasing with expansions in desalination.In particular,the environ- rectly related to the different water recovery ratios associated with de- mental impacts associated with hypersaline brine discharges from desa- salination plants operating with different feedwater-technology lination plants have received increased attention in recent research, combinations.The greater the volumetric processing efficiency of the coinciding with water scarcity intensification and the resultant expan- desalination process,the smaller the proportion of brine produced rela- sion in desalination operations in the USA, Europe and Australia tive to the volume of desalinated water produced.For example,RW-RO (Roberts et al.,2010). -. 1...agt 114:111-4iiii ---4V -• 1 . ot , 70 . • %.•141° - 'Iffitfr . . <10km from coastline j .„ '�'S.♦`'. Brine Production million m'rday Y Y gym �i \ , s Ng025.05 `� d. -05.1 .v i4 - `cam_ f , , :.' #111400. >50km from coastline ' ':� n, Brine Production million 'rdey �J/(� ler iiiiio , , oo,s.. 0:5-0s'r Fig.7.Volume of brine produced per country at a distance of a)<10 km and b)>50 km from the coastline. E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 1353 11% 2% 4% a. b, 1x • SW-RO :•; ; ;:•:• , • 3�x • 31% ix SW-MSF x fi SW-MED 12% C .. �\ LBW-RO •• • I 1 -RW-RO �h WW-RO :•:•: Other 6% I B%. .•. 43% C. 70 - 60 - v ;., 50 - E c 40 •Desalination Capacity E 30 ■Brine Production g 20 - ° 10 - .1 Is 0 SW-RO SW-MSF SW-MED BW-RO RW-RO WW-RO Other Feedwater-Technology Combination Fig.S.Major desalination feedwater-technology combinations by(a)global share in the desalinated water production(%),(b)global share in brine production(%)and(c)total desalination capacity and volume of brine produced(million m3/day). With regards to desalination in practice,the current state-of-the-art is an essential technology in the Middle East and for small island in the global desalination situation in existing academic literature is ei- nations which typically lack renewable water resources. ther a)severely outdated or b)derived from incomplete sources.This Whilst there are demonstrated benefits from desalinated water, study uses the largest and the most complete desalination dataset avail- there are concerns related to the volume and salinity of brine produced able(DesalData,2018)to comprehensively analyse the global state of as a waste of desalination process.It poses some of the biggest con- desalination with respect to desalination geographical distribution,sec- straints to more widespread development of desalination operations, tor use,technology and feedwater type.Our findings demonstrate that in addition to representing a significant proportion of the economic the global desalination capacity far exceeds values frequently cited in costs of the process(5-33%)(Ahmed et al.,2001).Therefore,quantify- the literature,due to both the vast expansion in desalination operations ing the volume of brine produced by desalination plants operating that have taken place across the globe in the last decade and the cover- with different feedwater types and technologies is essential for consid- age of the dataset used.The major uncertainty related to these results is ering the potential environmental and economic costs associated with due to the completeness of the desalination database, which was desalination. minimised by using a very high-quality dataset(DesalData,2018). The volume of brine being produced from desalination plants glob- Accurate quantifications of the volume of desalinated water pro- ally is largely unknown,with the only estimates available in the litera- duced for human use at different spatial scales is associated with a ture assuming that the volume of brine is equivalent to the volume of range of management implications.For example,in order to more rep- desalinated water produced(Liu et al.,2016;Akinaga et al.,2018),re- resentatively assess the degree of water scarcity,unconventional water gardless of the feedwater type or desalination technology.Our study resources and management practices must be included(Vanham et al., considers the influence of both feedwater type and desalination tech- 2018;Jones and van Vliet,2018).The exclusion of desalination from nology on the water recovery ratio,deriving values for the vast majority quantifications of water scarcity is identified as a major shortcoming of feedwater-technology combinations producing desalinated water. of SDG 6.4,2(Vanham et al.,2018),and hence accurate data on the vol- This information is applied with respect to the treatment capacity of in- ume of desalinated water produced is important for assessing the actual dividual desalination plant to determine the volume of brine produc- status of water availability.This is particularly important as water scar- tion,thus representing a first comprehensive attempt to accurately city has been identified as a key challenge,which is expected to inten- quantify brine production. sify in the future(Richter et al.,2013). Our findings also indicate that the volume of brine produced far ex- The importance of desalination for alleviating water scarcity ceeds the volume of desalinated water produced(by-50%),and hence and safeguarding water resources for human use should not be that the current quantifications of volume of brine produced are gross underestimated.Based on FAO AQUASTAT water withdrawal data underestimations. However, the uncertainties associated with our (http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_res/index.stm) method should be considered.In our brine assessment methodology, and desalination capacity data from DesalData(2018),eight coun- we assigned recovery ratios based solely on the feedwater type and de- tries produce more desalination water than they withdraw for salination technology producing desalinated water at each plant,with human use (The Maldives,Singapore,Qatar,Malta,Antigua and no consideration of local conditions in these plants.Evidence suggests Barbuda,Kuwait,The Bahamas and Bahrain).A further six coun- that site-specific local conditions may also influence a desalination tries meet over 50%of their water withdrawals through desalina- plants recovery ratio(Xu et al.,2013).For example,the effect of varia- tion (Equatorial Guinea,UAE,Seychelles,Cape Verde,Oman and tions in feedwater salinity within each'feedwater type'categorisation Barbados).As demonstrated through these countries,desalination (e.g.seawater)on the recovery ratio is overlooked as a result of using 1354 E.Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 the average.Other factors that may influence the specific recovery of bottom ponding(Roberts,2015).Techniques such as bipolar membrane each individual desalination plant include specific plant design(e.g. electrodialysis(BMED)can convert brine into add and base products for type of membrane used in desalination process),product water quality reuse,such as NaOH and HCI(Ibanez et al.,2013;Morillo et al.,2014). requirements(e.g.salinity),energy source and brine disposal method- Metal recovery from brine offers a valuable source of many scarce ology.Furthermore,whilst desalination plant recovery ratios are avail- metals(e.g.uranium),whilst potentially reducing environmental im- able in the literature, the number of values used for determining pacts associated with mining(Morillo et al.,2014;Loganathan et al., recovery ratios for some feedwater-technology combinations was low. 2017).The high economic costs and energy demands of brine treatment For some feedwater-technology combinations,no values were found and mineral recovery methods remain a significant barrier to more in the literature,and therefore a number of assumptions and estima- widespread application(Kaplan et al.,2017).Comprehensive reviews tions had to be made(Table 1).This uncertainty was minimised as re- of the recent techniques,technologies and innovations in brine manage- covery ratios were found in the literature for all major feedwater- ment are provided by Morillo et al.(2014)and Giwa et al.(2017). technology combinations,capturing the vast majority of the total desa- Other potential economic opportunities associated with brine pro- lination capacity(>80%). duction have also sparked a wave in innovation in brine management With increasing water demands coupled with water scarcity intensi- that seeks to turn an environmental problem into an economic opportu- fication,desalination is expected to expand rapidly in the future.The ex- nity(Sanchez et al.,2015).For example,Blackwell et al.(2005)identi- pected expansion in desalination capacity will be commensurate with fled sequential biological concentration (SBC) of saline drainage an increase in the volume of brine produced.Management of the reject streams creating a number of financial opportunities,whilst concentrat- brine is the still a major problem of desalination(Roberts et al.,2010; ing the waste stream into a manageable volume.Qadir et al.(2015)sug- Elimelech and Phillip,2011;Mezher et al.,2011;Wenten,2016),con- gested that integrating agriculture and aquaculture systems based on taining both elevated salinity(relative to feedwater type)and chemicals the SBC system using saline drainage water sequentially has the poten- used during pre-and post-treatment phases in the desalination opera- tial for commercial,social and environmental gains.Reject brine has tion (Wenten et al.,2016).Traditionally,a variety of brine disposal been used for aquaculture,with increases in fish biomass of 300% methods have been used,including direct discharge into oceans,surface achieved(ICBA,2018).Reject brine has also been successfully used for water or sewers, deep well injection and brine evaporation ponds Spirulina cultivation and the irrigation of halophytic forage shrubs and (Morillo et al.,2014).The geographical location at which brine is pro- crops although this method was unable to prevent progressive land duced influences the brine disposal method-desalination plants lo- salinisation(Sanchez et al.,2015). cated near to large surface saline water bodies (ocean, seas) often Aside from treating or using reject brine,a method to reduce the discharge untreated waste brine directly into these water bodies volume of brine produced is to improve the water recovery ratio of de- (Arnal et al.,2005).Conversely,desalination plants located inland may salination plants. Desalination plants operating with a high RR are not have a surface water discharge option available,and hence alterna- favourable in that they both maximise the use of(often scarce)water tive brine disposal methods are required,of which there are few eco- resources as in the case of river and brackish water desalination plants nomically viable options(Arnal et al.,2005;Brady et al.,2005;Morillo and create a lower volume of concentrate for disposal(Harvey,2008), et al.,2014). reducing the economic costs associated with brine disposal.High recov- Whilst the majority of brine is produced near to the coastline ery rates can also reduce the cost of pre-treatment prior to desalination (Fig.7a),with almost 80%of brine produced within 10 km(Table 5),a and post-treatment of brine(Lachish,2002).However,attaining higher substantial volume of brine is produced in geographic locations where RRs generally increases energy demands and hence treatment costs surface water discharge is likely not possible(Fig.7b,Table 5).In addi- (Lachish,2002),increasing greenhouse gas emissions if the desalination tion,there are a variety of environmental concerns associated with the plant is powered by fossil fuels(Martin-Gorriz et al.,2014;Dane and discharge of hypersaline brine into surface water bodies(Einav et al., Toor,2018).Whilst the reduced volume of brine associated with higher 2002;Roberts et al.,2010;Palomar and Losada,2011).Major concerns RRs might have positive environmental implications,the brine salt con- are related to the ecological effects associated with physio-chemical al- centration will be increased(Ahmed et al.,2001)which could poten- terations(e.g.increased salinity)to seawater around brine discharge tially pose harmful risks to the aquatic environment following disposal outlets and the discharge of toxic chemicals used in water pre- (Bashitialshaaer et al.,2009).Determining the optimal recovery ratio treatment or as anti-scalants and anti-foulants in the desalination pro- for desalination plants is therefore an economic,environmental and cess (Einav et al.,2002; Roberts et al.,2010; Ketsetzi et al.,2008). technical challenge,requiring consideration on a site-by-site basis. When continually discharged to surface waters,these factors pose risks to ocean life and marine ecosystems(Gacia et al.,2007;Palomar 5.Conclusions&outlook and Losada,2011;Meneses et al.,2010).The high salinity of brine causes elevated density in comparison to the salinity of the receiving waters, Against the backdrop of increasing global water scarcity,desalinated which can form "brine underfiows" that deplete dissolved oxygen water is increasingly becoming a viable option to narrow the water (DO)in the receiving waters.High salinity and reduced DO levels can demand-supply gap,particularly in addressing domestic and municipal have profound impacts on benthic organisms,which can translate into needs.Desalinated water can substantially extend the volume of high- ecological effects observable throughout the food chain(Rabinowitz, quality water supplies available for human use.A steady and assured 2016;Frank et al.,2017).A combination of these factors necessitates supply of high-quality water is crucially important in an era when the the development of new brine management strategies that are both world at large is embarking on the Sustainable Development Agenda economically feasible and environmentally sound. to ensure access to safe water for all by 2030,and for the achievement Recent efforts have focused on ways to treat or use brine in order to of SDG 6 to safeguard water supplies for current and future generations. minimise or eliminate the negative environmental impacts associated In addition to SDG 6,a variety of other SDGs are inextricably linked with with brine disposal(Morillo et al.,2014;Wenten et al.,2017)and/or water resources management,such as SDG 2 aiming at zero hunger, to partially or fully offset the economic costs associated with brine dis- SDG 3 ensuring healthy lives,SDG 8 promoting sustainable economic posal(Kesieme et al.,2013;Morillo et al.,2014).These efforts cover a growth,SDG 11 making cities and human settlements inclusive,and range of techniques with variable levels of complexity and cost.For ex- SDG 13 combating climate change.These SDGs have water-related tar- ample,mixing brine with alternative water sources of a lower salinity gets that must be achieved before their ultimate realisation is possible. (e.g.treated wastewater,power-plant cooling water)can reduce brine Although desalination can provide an unlimited,climate-independent salinity by dilution(Giwa et al.,2017).Pressurised dispersion nozzles and steady supply of high-quality water,there are specific challenges to can promote mixing of brine waters with receiving waters,restricting harness the vast potential of desalinated water,such as relatively high E Jones et aL/Science of the Total Environment 657(2019)1343-1356 1355 economic costs and a variety of environmental concerns.A major envi- Bashitialshaaer,IL,Persson,K.M.,Larson,M.Ergil,M.,2007.Impact of brine disposal from ronmental concern arises from the large volume of brine produced in EMU desalination plant on seawater composition.IDA World Congress Maspalomas, Gran Canaria-Spain October,pp.21-26. the desalination process that requires management.Brine management Bashitialshaaer,R.,Flyborg,L,Persson,K.M.,2009.Environmental assessment of brine is both economically expensive and technically difficult,and hence most discharge including wastewater collection in the Arabian gulf.Proceedings 12th desalination plants discharge untreated brine directly into the environ- IDA World Congress&Water Reu Nov.7-12. 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Efraty,A.,Gal,Z.,2012.Closed circuit desalination series no 7:retrofit design for improved ments have previously been limited by high economic costs.To do performance of conventional BWRO system.Desalin.Water Treat 41(1-3),301-307. this,technological refinement for low environmental impacts and eco- Einav,IL,Harussi,K.,Perry,D.,2002.The footprint of the desalination processes on the en- nomic costs,along with innovative financial mechanisms to support vironment.Desalination 152(1-3),141-154. sustainability of desalination schemes,will likely be required.The a Elimelech,M.,Phillip,WA,2011.The future of seawater desalination:energy,technol- thegy,and the environment.Science 333(6043),712-717. expansion pattern and economics of desalination facilities in recent de- Femandez-Torquemada,Y.,Sanchez-Lizaso,J.L,Gonzalez-Correa,J.M.,2005.Preliminary cades suggest a positive and promising outlook for expansion in desali- results of the monitoring of the brine discharge produced by the SWRO desalination nation facilities around the world. plant of Alicante(SE Spain).Desalination 182(1-3),395-402. Frank,H.,Rahav,E„Bar-Zeev,E.,2017.Short-term effects of SWRO desalination brine on benthic heterotrophic microbial communities.Desalination 417,52-59. Acknowledgements Gacia,E.,lovers,O„Manzanera,M.,Ballesteros,E.,Romero,J.,2007.Impact of the brine from a desalination plant on a shallow seagrass(Posidonia oceanica)meadow.Estuar. Coast.Shelf Sci.72(4),579-590. This work is part of the UNU-INWEH's project on Unconventional Garcia,C Molina,F.,Zarzo,D.,2011.7 year operation of a BWRO plant with raw water from a Water Resources.UNU-INWEH is supported by the Government of coastal aquifer for agricultural irrigation.Desalin.Water Treat.31(1-3),331-338. Canada through Global Affairs Canada.Michelle van Vliet was finan- Ghaffour N.,Mfissimer,T.M.,Amy,G.L,2013.Technical review and evaluation of the eco- nomics of water desalination:current and future challenges for better water supply cially supported by a Veni-grant(project no.863.14.008)of NWO Earth sustainability.Desalination 309,197-207. and Life Sciences(ALW). Giwa,A,Dufour,V.,Al Marzooqi,F.,Al Kaabi,M.,Hasan.S.W.,2017.Brine management methods:recent innovations and current status.Desalination 407,1-23. Gomez,J.D.,Cath,T.Y.,2011.Assessment of Osmotic Mechanisms Pairing Desalination Conflicting interests Concentrate and Wastewater Treatment.CH2M HILL Greenlee,LF.,Lawler,D.F.,Freeman,B.D„Matrot,B„Moulin,P.,2009.Reverse osmosis de- The authors declare no conflict of interest salination:water sources,technology,and today's challenges.Water Res.43(9), 2317-2348. 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Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15, 2025 Name Julie Rogers Address 710 Furman Ave, Corpus Christi,TX Corpus Christi,TX,78404 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 1 Topic Public Comment Agenda Item Number N/A Comment Attachment is from March 2018 hoping that it is a reminder of a few things. I still love Corpus Christi and we are still very committed to our City which drives my advocacy for quality-of-life issues.There was a goal to become the "Best City in Texas"which we can still reach if we could all just work together and learn from each other and respect each other.The new public comment process does not allow this to happen. It is very constraining and seems to walk a fine line of violating Texas Government Code 551.007.The agenda is very fluid so a speaker cannot always wait for an agenda item.Testifying after agenda items in an evening public comment period does no good for the City or democracy. Written comments are not shared publicly so the public misses out on learning from each other. Some cities post the comments electronically so that everyone can read them. People are skeptical because of the lack of trust and respect we have for each other. Use your leadership effectively. Upload supporting images or documents. a Budget Comment 032018.pdf 1 r a8_4PM_2021_Public_Participation_HILL.pdf Provide an email to receive a copy of rogersjuliet@gmail.com your submission. 2 We are recent new homebuyers in the city. We decided to make a commitment to the city we love, and I'm here today to ask you to do the same by taking a different approach to solving the projected shortfall for the upcoming budget. I realize that the budget process has just begun, and I've already heard discussion of pursuing a cuts only budget. In last year's adopted budget, it was stated that we had a goal of becoming the "Best City in Texas". That distinction will be hard to achieve by making across the board cuts to all services, including health, arts, culture, learning and recreational services. Before we purchased our historic home, we researched its history by using the archive room at the Central Library. We've used that resource many other times to discover more about Corpus Christi's unique history. We also based our decision on not only access to the Library but access to Parks and Recreation, including Whataburger Field, the Museums, the Art Center, the weekly Downtown Farmer's Market, and small local businesses. Many other folks use the same kind of criteria to make decisions not only about where they will live but IF they will live in Corpus Christi. A cuts only budget has a negative impact on the future of our City because such an approach affects everyone's quality of life. Take the Corpus Christi Public Libraries as an example. Our Public Libraries are already constrained as a result of chronic and substantial underfunding, ranging anywhere from 8%to 67% below that available to public libraries in communities of comparable size throughout Texas. The operating revenues are 54% below average of operating revenues per capita for all public libraries in Texas. The underfunded character of our libraries has negative impact like smaller collections, fewer hours of operation and smaller staffing and lower compensation which affects delivery of services and deters from the mission of promoting literacy and building community. There's an old proverb that says, "You don't know where you're going until you know where you've been." In 2011, there were drastic cuts to the Libraries that affected the Corpus Christi Public Library's accreditation from the Texas State Library & Archives Commission. The Library System had to make an appeal twice to maintain accreditation. The probation was finally lifted in 2016. THEN, the next year there was a reduction of staff. Please don't put us on another dangerous downward spiral of not being accredited again. There is literally no more to cut from the Libraries. The Library accounts for just 1.7% of the General Fund and is one of the least funded services, along with health services. Amongst such challenges, the Library, its Staff and other City Employees have still come through for us. It's time we come through for them, the People and the future of Corpus Christi. One way might be to stop basing our City Budget on an ideology that there must be large cuts in services and jobs. Going forward, we could raise revenue from other sources by not offering such rich tax abatements and economic development incentives to the wealthy and corporations. Our quality of life and a desire to enrich our community should be enough of a draw. We need a better budget and better economic development for the People and not the few, otherwise we are destined to continually take money from Community Services and City Staff, along with an increase in fees and taxes for the People. Worse, we can never be the Best City in Texas. I truly think that's what you all want, that's what we all want. I understand that we didn't get to this point through this Council only, but this Council can be the ones who put us on a different path. KEN PAXTON �' ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS Public Participation During Open Meetings William "Bill" Hill Assistant Attorney General Opinion Committee �` KEN PAXTON = �� f Tex . Gov't Code § 551 . 007 ; .-h ATTORNEY GENERAL o TEXAS • Texas Government Code section 551.007 was enacted in 2019. • Entitled "Public Testimony," it authorizes a member of the public to address the governmental body at its meetings. • It is more commonly known as "public comment." KEN PAXTON Presentation Outline ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Public comment under the Open Meetings Act before 2019 • Section 551.007's requirements (2019) • Public comment practices during the Governor's emergency orders applicable to public meetings • Post-emergency order practices (the present) f**Av KEN PAXTON Public Comment Before 2019 ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • The Open Meetings Act did not entitle the public to speak at public meetings prior to the enactment of section 551.007. .�Lt16Y � ct&ii KEN PAXTON Original Purpose of the Act ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEX:1S • "The Open Meetings Act was enacted in 1967 for the purpose of assuring that the public has the opportunity to be informed concerning the transactions of public business." • "Our citizens are entitled to more than a result. They are entitled not only to know what government decides but to observe how and why every decision is reached." --Texas Supreme Court, in Acker v. Tex. Water Comm'n (1990) tt '�`if KEN P.AXTOl� Prior Interpretation f Act the �� ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Courts and the Attorney General interpreted the Act to give the public the right to attend and watch open meetings, but not to speak. ( * ) 0EKEN PAXTOl� Constitutional Limitations ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEX:1S xrob • Prior to the enactment of section 551.007, the main limitation on rules regulating public comment was constitutional, allowing only rules that (1) do not discriminate against speech on the basis of viewpoint, and (2) are reasonable in light of the purpose served by the forum. oiji' KEN PAXTOl� Public Comment Circa 2019 a: ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS XA"Y ' • Open Meetings Act said little about public comment. • Governmental bodies were not required to allow public comment for most types of meetings, although most did. • Governmental bodies had wide discretion to regulate such matters as when public comment would be allowed, the length of presentations, and the number of speakers. • The main requirements were that rules be viewpoint neutral and reasonable under the circumstances. •��tNE Y�,... �) KEN PAXTOl� Enactment of Section 551 . 007 z: '�`?'s'.=�' ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • One motivating concern was the practice of conducting public comment at the end of the meeting. Thus, a governmental body might act on an agenda item before the public had the opportunity to provide input. • The 86th Legislature added section 551.007, entitled "Public Testimony," effective September 1, 2019. .4 1 KEN PAXTON Overview ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Tex. Gov't Code § 551.007: (a) Specifies to whom the statute applies (b) Establishes the public's right to speak (c) Allows reasonable rules, including time limits (d) Time allowed when public testimony is translated (e) Governmental body must not prohibit criticism yNEy *A KEN PAXTON ATTORNEY GENERALof'I'I;aAs Applies to Most Local Bodies '`xrERASr:- • Subsection (a): "This section applies only to a governmental body described by Sections 551.001(3)(B)-(L)." • Does not apply to State level governmental bodies • Does apply to all other local government bodies listed in section 551.001(3), including: • Commissioners courts • City councils • Other city and county deliberative bodies • School boards • Special districts • Certain nonprofits ° -s4 KEN PAXTOl� Public Given the Right to Speak ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Tex. Gov't Code § 551.007(b): • "A governmental body shall allow each member of the public who desires to address the body regarding an item on an agenda for an open meeting of the body to address the body regarding the item at the meeting before or during the body's consideration of the item." EYr.. w * z KEN PAXTON Scope of the Right to Speak • Because a "governmental body shall allow each member of the public who desires to address the body" to do so, anyone who wants to speak must be allowed to speak. • The right to speak is limited to agenda items. • The right to speak is "at the meeting." • Public comment must occur "before or during the body's consideration of the item." KEN PAXTON Reasonable Rules ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Tex. Gov't Code § 551.007(c): • "A governmental body may adopt reasonable rules regarding the public's right to address the body under this section, including rules that limit the total amount of time that a member of the public may address the body on a given item." gNEy *1 KEN PAXTON What Rules are Reasonable ? "`rExny' ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEX ,, • Under the Constitution, rules must be viewpoint neutral and be reasonable in light of the meeting's purpose. • Current First Amendment precedent would allow rules that restrict speakers to the subject of the meeting, impose time limits on speakers, and prevent disruptions of the meeting. :,Jtr6yG�.. KEN PAXTON Reasonable Time Limits ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS ....;rFXAr. • Subsection 551.007(c) expressly allows rules "that limit the total amount of time that a member of the public may address the body on a given item." • What is a reasonable time limit? • Three minutes is a common limitation, but whether a time limitation is reasonable may depend on the particular circumstances. ` t KEN PAXTON Consolidated Public Comment Session `:� ,s% ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Section 551.007(b) calls for an opportunity to address the governmental body "before or during" consideration of an item. • Thus, a governmental body might adopt a rule consistent with "subsection 551.007(b)'s requirements by having a single public comment period at the beginning of an open meeting to address all items on the agenda." • Can limit total speaker time only if "reasonable." --Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. KP-0300 (2020) oltNEYC6 * z KEN PAXTOl� Governmental Body' s Response rEXAc • Section 551.007 authorizes a member of the public to address the governmental body about agenda items only. The governmental body members may, but are not required, to respond to a section 551.007 address. • If a member of the public making a section 551.007 address raises a non-agenda item, section 551.042 of the Act still applies to require the governmental body to limit its comments about non-agenda items. C ptiNEY(,., 'A. KEN PAXTON ATTORNEY GENF.RAI, of TEXAS Rules for Orderly Procedure • "A governmental body may adopt reasonable rules to maintain order at a meeting." --Tex. Gov't Code § 551.023(b). • Section 551.007 likely allows rules that promote orderly procedure provided they do not unreasonably frustrate the public's right to speak. ^`�i�v psi• ,. KEN PAXTON Criticism ^' ATTORNEY GENERAL of TE%;15 •..., FXA�.i: • "(e) A governmental body may not prohibit public criticism of the governmental body, including criticism of any act, omission, policy, procedure, program, or service. This subsection does not apply to public criticism that is otherwise prohibited by law." • Rules must be viewpoint neutral, but as the U.S. Supreme Court has said, "Giving offense is a viewpoint." • "[P]ublic criticism that is otherwise prohibited by law" is a narrow exception. KEN PAXTONConsequences x : ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Section 551.007 does not state consequences for noncompliance. • An agenda item passed without an opportunity for public comment may be voidable. J'NEY�I. k %x} KEN PAXTON EmergencyOrder and Suspension List • Governor declared disaster on March 13, 2020 • Suspension letter issued March 16, 2020 . a KEN PAXTON Public Comment Under Emergency Order s ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEY:1', • The suspension list included subsection 551.007(b) as a statute "that may be interpreted to require face-to-face interaction between members of the public and public officials." • The list suspended subsection 551.007(b), "provided, however, that governmental bodies must offer alternative methods of communicating with their public officials." 'z� ) ` KEN PAXTON Video Conference eY rFms:XA:. ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Suspended the video conference rules requiring a member of the governmental body to be present at a physical location • Suspended public's right to address the governmental body face-to-face at a physical meeting • Did not suspend the public's right to address the governmental body at the meeting KEN PAXTOI� Telephonic Meetin s Section 551 . 125 1( * ) rExny" • For emergency or public necessity when convening a quorum in one place is difficult or impossible. • Notice should explain rules and procedures explaining how a member of the public may address the governmental body under section 551.007. utNEy�. ( * )} KEN PAXTON Advance Notice of Rules • ATTORNEY GENERAL of'f'I \AS • The agenda notice should clearly inform the public about all rules, procedures, and special instructions concerning participation in a section 551.007 public comment. L ). KENPAXTOl Lifting of Post Emergency Order _ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEA', • Effective September 1, 2021, all Open Meetings Act requirements are again fully in effect. • What practices developed during the emergency may continue? OttNEp�: t, *4 KEN PAXTOl� Public Comment by Video Conference Call • ,: ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Videoconference call meetings are not limited to emergencies but must strictly comply with section 551.127, requiring presence of one or more members of the governmental body. • Although not entirely clear, section 551.007 likely entitles a member of the public to appear in person at the meeting for public comment. F„NEpc L KE.N PAXTON Testimony from Remote Location Authorized ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXA5 'TEXND*: • A governmental body may still offer a member of the public the option to participate remotely. • Subsection 551.127(k) allows a for members of the public to "testify" from a remote location by videoconference call. JjtNEY ( KEN PAXTON Advance Registration • Some governmental bodies have had rules requiring a member of the public wishing to speak to register in advance of the meeting and identify the agenda item the speaker wishes to address. • If otherwise reasonable, such rules might be justified as a regulation to provide for an orderly meeting. • As implemented, the rules must not unreasonably infringe on the speaker's right to address the governmental body about any agenda item. C. * ) KEN Written Public Comment YGENERAL of'I I.\ S • Some governmental bodies have required members of the public to submit written comments to be read by an officer or member of the governmental body at the meeting. • Limiting public comment to submitted written comments may be inconsistent with the right of a member of the public to address the governmental body at the meeting. • The governmental body may give the option to submit written public comment, but it does not supplant the right to appear in person for public comment. f°‘"ik'H KEN PAXTON Open Forum ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS `rexns" • Some governmental bodies provide for both public comment for agenda items under section 551.007 and an open forum for non-agenda subjects. • An open forum for non-agenda items is not governed by section 551.007. The governmental body has more latitude to regulate an open forum provided its rules are viewpoint neutral and otherwise reasonable. z : 4t` KEN PAXTON Overflow Rooms ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS • Some governmental bodies have limited seating capacity in the meeting room and provide overflow rooms with audio/video equipment. Rules must be reasonable and comply with the core purposes of TOMA. • It is an open question whether a member of the public can be required to address the governmental body from the overflow room. OttNEyC. KEN PAXTON Final Thoughts ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEXAS 7'ExOS* • Section 551.007 gives a member of the public the right to participate in a meeting by addressing the governmental body about items on the meeting's agenda. • A governmental body may offer additional or alternative ways for a member of the public to participate in the meeting, but it remains the member's choice. • A member of the public may always reject suggested alternatives and insist on the right to address the governmental body under section 551.007 as written. utiNEYc-. 1 KEN PAXTON Open Government Hotline ik. e• ATTORNEY GENERAL of TEX 1', rexte Toll Free 1 (877) OPEN TEX 1 (877) 673-6839 We bs ite www.texasattorneygeneral .gov `opus cit Tuesday,July 15, 2025 "� Public Comment & Input Form ,. m P \''-� For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission A Meetings 7852 To submit a service request, ask a question, report a violation,browse city-required permit forms or access services online,click here: Access Online Services To continue submitting a written public comment click Next below. Public Comment & Input Form For City Council Meetings, Board Meetings, & Commission Meetings Date of Meeting Tuesday,July 15,2025 Name Pat Craig Address 5925 Tapestry Dr Corpus Christi,TX,78414 Please select the Board, Committee, City Council or governing body that your comments are directed to: Are you a resident of Corpus Christi? Yes What district do you reside in? District 5 Topic Limiting Public Comment Agenda Item Number 25 Comment Changing agenda items to "Briefing Items"and not being allowed to comment in public does not look transparent. Please adjust this so we can come and comment on such items. 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PUBLIC COMMENT - Public comment prior to the General Public Comment period, scheduled at approximately 5:30 p.m., will only be on action items on this City Council agenda unless otherwise specified. To speak during any public comment period (including a public hearing) on a city-related matter or agenda item, you must sign up at least one hour before the meeting begins. Sign-up is at www.corpuschristitx.gov/signin or at the City Council kiosk. Each speaker is limited to a total of no more than 3 minutes per speaker. Time limits may be restricted further by the Mayor at any meeting. If you have a petition or other information pertaining to your subject, please present it to the City Secretary. Written comments may be submitted at https://corpuschristitx.govidepartment-directory/city-secretary. Electronic media that you would like to use may only be introduced into the City system IF approved by the City's Communications Department at least 24 hours prior to the Meeting. Please contact Communications at 826-3211 to coordinate. The right to publicly comment prior to any item being considered constitutes a public hearing for all items on this agenda. F. BOARD & COMMITTEE APPOINTMENTS: (ITEM 1) 1. 25-1033 Airport Board Planning Commission Airport Zoning Commission G. EXPLANATION OF COUNCIL ACTION: City Council Meeting Agenda - Final-revised June 10, 2025 F. PUBLIC COMMENT - APPROXIMATELY 12:00 P.M. To speak during this public comment period on a city-related matter or agenda item, you must sign up before the meeting begins. Each speaker is limited to a total of no more than 3 minutes per speaker. You will not be allowed to speak again on an item when the Council is considering the item. Time limits may be restricted further by the Mayor at any meeting. If you have a petition or other information pertaining to your subject, please present it to the City Secretary. Written comments may be submitted at cctexas.com/departments/city-secretary. Electronic media that you would like to use may only be introduced into the City system IF approved by the City's Communications Department at least 24 hours prior to the Meeting. Please contact Communications at 826-3211 to coordinate. This is a public hearing for all items on this agenda. G. BOARD & COMMITTEE APPOINTMENTS: (ITEM 3) 3. 25-0818 Civil Service Board Civil Service Commission Ethics Commission H. EXPLANATION OF COUNCIL ACTION: For administrative convenience. certain of the agenda items are listed as motions, resolutions. or ordinances. If deemed appropriate. the City Council will use a different method of adoption from the one listed: may finally pass an ordinance by adopting it as an emergency measure rather than a two reading ordinance: or may modify the action specified.