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Home My WebLink AboutC2009-258 - 7/14/2009 - ApprovedAREENiEI~T for rounduvater I~onitorir~ and Services rnunicipal Engineer"} authorized This AI~EEII~ENT is between the corporation, "CITY", acting through its and ~Cleinfelder, a Tex co representative who is ,~ ~Title~, which agree as follows: pity of corpus Christi, Texas, a duly authorized pity IUlanager o tion or partnership, "LAB", acting ~~ ~~ Texas home-rule r designee ~"pity through its dull ! {Name} 1. DELARATIoN ~'ITY" desires to engage "LAB'S to provide services in connection with pity's project, described as follows: efe llalenzula ~andfili ~ Z0~ ~ rounduvater Monitorin and Services ~Pro~ect 5~fi~~ "PR~,~ET". ~. oPE of woRK "LAB" shall provide services to the ~R~JET in accordanr with the accompanying Scope of Services and Fee Schedule attached as "Exhibit A" and the Terms and conditions to AC~EEIII#ENT attached as "Exhibit ~"and Inderr~nif~cation and Hold Harmless attached as "Exh~b~t ". FEE The "CITY'" agrees to pay the FLAB" for services provided in accordance with Exhibit "A", Scope of Services and Fee Schedule under this AREEMENTt a total not to exceed fee of ~~1,0D.0~ din figures}, {Tuvo Hundred Ninety one Thousand Nine Hundred and no~.x~..,,dvliars din words}. 4. fTY' DILOURE of HA~AR~oU Toni ATERfAI. A~NB oN~ITioN AT THE PROJECT SITE. Based upon currently available informativnr the only hazardous or toxic materials, as defined ~y the laws and regulations of the Federal government, the state, and city which exist at the PROJECT SITE are as fellows: Node. CITY OF CORPUS CHRISTI Oscar Martinez (Date) Assistant City Manager ATTEST: 7.~i c % s Armando Chapa, City Secretary {Date} RECOMME ED: ~G Pete Anaya, P.E. (Date) Director -Engineering Services APPROVED AS TO FORM: ~ ~ dk Legal Departm nt Date} ~~D9-~~ Ni~~0-~ 89 ~ ~ ~~ ~7114~~9 - mein f elder LAB: B' (SI NATURE) {Dat ~B Industrial drive Address} Uvaco, T7~ X71 ~Cityltatel~ip} 2~4~Tb~ D3~9 Fax, ~4«140478 (PhonelFax No.) ~~~ 4awryw• HEN ~~~~ a Page 1 ~f ~ INDEXED KLE/NFEL~ER Bright People. Right Solutions. ~~ lay ~, 24~g Proposal Na. IA9 Attn. Mr, ~av~rence Mikalajczyk Director, valid Uvaste opera#ians pity of corpus Christi ~~~ Wygeia - P.~. Box ~~~ Corpus Christi, TIC 7849- 9~~~ UBJ~CT: Proposal - ~~09-~~10 ~roundv~ater monitoring and related services Cefe Ilalenzuela Lando! - Corpus Christi, Texas Dear ~Ilr. ~likolajczyk: 3~6 N. Industr~~l Drive Waco, Tx 7~~1~ p~ ~~4,154.0369 f~ ~~4,1~4.~4~8 icleinfelder.com UVe are pleased to submit the following proposal far professional environmental services. This proposal presents the scope of work for expanded groundwater monitoring. This proposal was developed on the basis of our discussions and review of our scope of worklcast during the last two years of graund~rater monitoring at the Cefe lfalenzuela Landfill. if a portion of this proposal does not meet your project needs, or if those needs have changed, Kleinfelder is prepared to consider appropriate madificationsr subject to the standards of care to w#~ich e adhere as professionals, lUlodifications, such as changes in scope, methodology, scheduling, and contract terms may result in changes to the quality of the assessments, as well as adjustment to our fees. SCOPE OF BASIC SERVICES Performance Period The services proposed herein will be perrarmed Pram August 1, 2~D9 to July 31, 2D1 a, Projectummary l~leir~felder will conduct faun sampling events far landfill monitor wells on quarkerly intervals. These events will include combinations of detection monitoring for currently approved constituents, and background monitoring far new constituents required by TCEQ. both nevi and existing wells ~vill be sampled for these new constituents. Kleinfelder gill install and develop up to 8 new wells if the pending revisions to the ~raund~vater sampling and Analysis Plan SAP} are approved by TCEQ. These will be located around the perimeter reed to achieve TC~~' 80D-foot spacing requirement. Kleinfelder will install dedicated pumps in new wells. Itleinfelderwill continue quarkerly methane rr~anitaring. Detection Monitoring The recent position paper by the TC~~ states that detection monitoring must be continued in existing monitoring networks until new wells are installed and background sampling for new wells and new constituents has been cor~pleted. continuation of detection monitoring during the performance period Exhi~OitA Pa ~ ~ of ~ Mr~ Lawrence Mikola~czyk May ~~, 2~D9 Page ~ 32~ N. industrial Drive 1Naco, ~( ~s7~~ ~I 2~a.~~~,o~~~ f~ 254.75~.~4T$ kleir~felder.com gill include two monitoring events in August 2009 and February 2010. i~leinfeldr will sample the existing 18-well system far the current constituent list ~~vVAP, Revision 1, February , 200}, Background sampling far new constituents in existing wells will commence in August sunder the assumption that permit revisions are approved} and will be conducted concurrently with the detection monitoring event, Background sampling for new constituents in newly installed wells will be conducted concurrently, as wells are installed. The planned sampling schedule is presented in Table ~ . The estimated cost of this activity is 93,500E fable 1 Planned 2409 Bampling schedule Vlfells August 2409 November February 2010 I~ay 2014 2009 Bxisting ~etectian, Background Background -- Detectianr Background Background , -1 wells 1 S wells -18 wells 18 wells New Background Background Background Background - ~ wells - ~ wells -1 wells -1 wells Total 23 wells ~~ wells 1 wells 31 wells Background ~Ivnitoring The proposed groundwater Bampfing and Analysis Plan that was recently submitted to TCBQ includes the TES-required constituents fifteen metals plus volatile organics}, Background monitoring far these constituents in new and existing wells is requiredF sampling for these constituents in existing wells will commence after approval of the groundwater Bampling and Analysis Plan ~CVI~AP}, sampling far these constituents in wells will commence after well and pump installation is complete, Presently, we anticipate that ~ planned wells {MINs 4044} will be installed around the south side of the leachate pond before this contract period begins vVe anticipate that 8 new monitor wells ~1s 15-19, 4~-41} will be around knit 1 by February, 2010. The latter wells are being installed to achieve the new spacing requirement and casts for background sampling are included in the contract far well installation. The planned background-only sampling dates during tfi~e performance period are November, 2009 and May 2010 {Table 1 }. The estimated cost far the background-aniy sampling events is ~0,100F 2009 Annual Report Kleinfelder will prepare the annual repot far the 2009 groundwater monitaring in accordance with TCF~ requirements in the regulations and the groundwater sampling and Analysis Plan This repork is due 9~ days after the last sampling event and is presently estimated for submittal in mid January, 2010E Kleinfelder will transmit 4 copies of the report to the City of Carpus Christi and ~ copies to tf~e TCFC~. ~x#~ibit A Pa e ~ of ~ Mr. Lawrence Nlikolajczyk ~~s !~. Industrial Drive Ma ~ 04g vuace,Tx Y ~~~~ o ~~~~ ~ p~ 254.~~~4,~389 f~ 254.154,~4~8 klelnfelder,c~m The estimated cast of this activity is 8,80~.~~~ 1lerificatian Re-sar~~ling Detection rr~anitoring wi11 be implemented in this contract period. After each event, Kleinfelder will evaluate detention monitoring data after each event to determine if statistically significant changes ~} have occurred, In the event that such changes have occurred, Kleinfelder will notify the TF~ in accordance with the requirements, and conduct verification sampling of the well in which Ss occurred. The proposed budget includes verification re~sampling for one well per detection monitoring event ~twa annually if required, The estimated cast far this activity is ~ 8,~40~Q~. Methane Moni~aring Kleinfelder will conduct quarterly methane monitoring at the Cefe 1lalenzuela Landfill. Data will be transmitted via letter report to the ~ity~ The estimated cast far this activity is 4,~~~.~0. New Vl~ell and Pump Installation The proposed modification of the Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan includes 8 new wells that will be installed around the perimeter rand of Area 1 in order to achieve the G00-foot spacing requirement, Kleinfelder will contract a qualified drilling company and direct the installation of the new wells Fallowing installation Kleinfelder will develop the wells and prepare a documentation package for submittal to the TEQ. Kleinfelder will prepare specifications far pump fabrication and will install dedicated pumps in the new wells. The estimated cost of this activity is 1 ~1,~4~. other consulting Services Kleinfelder has been called upon to lend its expertise in a number of matters related to gro~,ndwater monitoring and permitting at tfi~e Cefe Valenzuela Landfill. INe have included in this proposal a limited "an-call" budget far these services tha# will be expended as requested by the pity. In additions this budget can be expended far unforeseen protect conditions with approval from the pity, or for project review by senior staff in Kleinfelder. The allowed cast for these services, if required, is ~,0~0~ Assumptions and Exclusions 1. The proposed modifications to the groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan will be approved in ~~~g. Exhii~it A Pa e3of5 Mr, Lawrence Mikalajczyk Iay ~~, ~aa Page ~ 32fi N. Industrial drive UVaca, l7i T8710 ~I 2~.~~4.~~~~ fl 2~4.7~4.0478 kleinfeld~r,c~m ~. Five {~ new wells around the perimeter of the leachate collection pond are installed and developed before August ~ , ~0~9, , fight ~~} new wells around the perimeter road are installed and developed by February ~ , ~0~ ~~ 4, arr~pling lobar estifnate are based on sampling an assumed 3 wells per day, During the performance period, we anticipate changes in methods in addition to the installation of new wells whose yield and stabilization characteristics are unknown, The assumed sampling rate may or may not be realized, 5, The proposed post is based on an assumed average depth of wells and historical pump posts. Pump configuration is dependent upon the final depth of the well below top of casing, which is unknown far new wells at this time, ~. hosts for verif'ICa#ion re~sampling allow far ~ day and the analysis of ~ sample ~i,e. ~ well} for a complete suite of analytes. ~', The oast far other consulting services is for approximately ~ week of a senior staff member, ~IDD~TINAL ER111E The fallowing services are not included in the Basic services and will be considered as Additior~ai services, if required or requested • ~Ileetingslintervie~us other than thane described in the Basic services. • The services of specialty subconsultants or other special outside services other than thane described in Basin services, • Any other services not specifically included in Basic services. DELIVERABLES Four signed, bound copies of each of the reports will be prepared and transmitted to the City of Carpus Christi. In addition, we will submit three reports for each reportable event to the TCEQ. COMPENSATION Kleinfelder proposes to perform the Basic Services ors a Time and Materials basis for $ 291,900. This amount will not be exceeded without prior approval. The Client and Kleinfekder may subsequently agree in writing to provide for additional services to be rendered under this agreement for additional, negotiated compensation. LI~IIT~TI~N Our work vuill be performed in a manner consistent with that level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by other members of Kleinfelder's profession practicing in the same locality, under similar conditions and at the date the services are provided, Our conclusions, opinions and recommendations will be based on a limited number of observations and data It is passible that conditions could vary between or beyond the data evaluated, Kleinfelder makes no guarantee or warranty, express ar implied, regarding the services, communication ~aral or written, reportr opinion, ar instrument of service provided, ~xk~ibit A Pa e4af Mr, Lawrence Mikolajc2yk May ~9, ~~09 Page 5 326 N. Industrial Drive 1~11ac~, Tai ~~~ ~ o ~~ 254.754.0369 f~ 264.154.44T8 kieinfeld~r,cvm This proposal was prepared specifically for the client and its designated representatives and may not be provided to ofhers w~~f~ou~ ~Cler'rrfel~er's express perm~ssior~. AUTH~RI~ATI~N Your standard service agreement can be used to authorize these services, V1~e appreciate the opportunity to submit this proposal and look forward to working with ~rou on this project. If you have any questions or need additional information, please do not hesitate to call. UVe are comr~itted to assist the pity to ensure the success of this project. Best regards, KLEINFELDER CENTRAL, tNC. Weary L. Fleichhauer, P,, Field Project lVlanager Scott Langerman, P, E. Project lUlanager Exhibit A Pa e5of5 TERMS AND C~NDITIDNS T~ AGREEMENT ARTICLE ~. SERVICES: "LAB" will: 1.1 Provide only those cervices requested by "CITY ENGIiVEER" that, in the opinion of "'LAB", lie within the technical ar professional areas of expertise of ""LAB" and which "'LAB" is adequately staffed and equipped to perfarm~ A 1.2 Perform technical services under the general direction of a licensed engineer and in substantial attordance with the basic requirements of the appropriate standards of the American Society far Testing and Materials, where applicable, ar other standards designated in writing by the "CITY EhtINEER"~ 1.8 Promptly submit formal reports of tests, inspections and services performed indicating, where applicable, compliance with the PROJECT specifications or other contract documentsF Such reports must be complete and factual, citing the tests pe~farmed" methods employed, values obtained, and parts of the structure of THE PROJECT area subjected to any testing. 1.4 Utilize testing equipment which has been calibrated according tQ applicable standards and, upon request, submit to the "CITY ENGINEER", ar his authorized representative, documentation of such calibration. Secure representative samples of those materials that the City's Contractor proposes tv use which require testing, together with rekevant data concerning such materials including the paint of origin and supplier. ~ .5 Consider reports to be canfidentiak, and distribute reports only to those persons, arganizatians or agencies specifically designated in writing by the "CITY ElVC1NEER". 1. Retain retards relating to services performed far'"CITY" far a period of two years fallowing submission of any reports, during which period the retards will be made available to the "CITY" at all reasonable tirnes. 1.T Pay salaries, wages, expenses, social security taxes, federal and state unemployment taxes, and any other similar payrakl taxes relating to the services. ARTICLE 2. CITY RESPONSIBILITIES: City Engineer or a~tharized repreaen#ative will: 2,1 Provide "LAB" with all plans, specifications, addenda, change orders, approved chap drawings and other information far the proper performance of services by '"LAB". 2.2 Issue autharizatian in writing giving "LAB" free access to THE PR~,~ECT site, and to all shops or yards where materials are prepared ar stared. ~. Designate in writing thane persons or firms which will act as the "CITY'S" representative with respect to "LAB'S" services to be performed under this AGREEMENT and which must be promptly notified by '"LAB" when it appears that materials tested or inspected are in non-cat~pliance. only the "CITY ENGINEER" or his designated representative have authority to transmit instruatians, receive information and data, interpret and dune the CITY'S policies and decisions with respect to THE PROJECT. "LAB'" acknowledges that certain "CITY" representatives may have different types of authority concerning THE PROJECT. Revised January 1998} Exhibit "B" Page 1 of 3 ~.4 Advise "LAB" sufl'ICiently in advance of any operations sa as to allow far assignment of personnel by "LAB" far completion of the required services. Buch advance notice will be in accordance with that established by mutual agreement of the porkies. ~.5 Direct THE PROJECT contractor, either by the Construction Contract ar direct written order toy ~a} Stop work at the appropriate times for "LAB" to perform contracted services; ~b~ Purr~ish such labor and all facilities needed by "LAB" to obtain and handle samples at THE PROJECT and to facilitate the specified inspection and tests; ~c} Provide and maintain for use of "LAB" adequate space at THE PROJECT far safe storage end proper curing of test specimens which must remain an THE PROJECT site prior ta, during, and up to 5~ days after testing. ARTICLE ~. GENERAL C~ND~TIONS ~ "LAB", by the performance of services covered hereunder, does not in any way assume, abridge ar abraate any of those duties, responsibilities ar authorities with regard to THE PROJECT which, by custom or contract, are vested in THE PROJECT architects, design engineers, or any other design agencies or authorities. 3.~ "LAB" is not authorised to supervise, alter, relax, enlarge or release any requirement of THE PROJECT specifications ar other contract documents nor to approve ar accept any portion of the work. "LAB" does not have the right of re~ectian or the right to stop the work, "CITY ENGINEER" will direct THE PROJECT contractor to stop work at appropriate times far "LAB" to conduct the sampling, testing, or inspection of operations covered by the AGREEMENT. ARTICLE 4, PIELD I~DNITDRINC AND TESTING ~4.~ "CITY" and '"LAB" agree that "LAB" will be on-site to perform inspections for contracted services. The "CITY" and "LAB" also agree that "LAB" will not assume responsibility for PROJECT Contractor's means, methods, techniques, sequences ar procedures of construction, and it is understood that the final services provided by "LAB" will Trot relieve the PROJECT Contractor of his responsibilities for perfarmirrg the work in accordance with THE PROJECT plans and specifications. far the purposes of this AGREEMENT, the word "inspection" is used to mean periodic observation of the work and the conducting of tests by "LAB" as specified in the ACREEI~IENT. Cantinuaus monitoring by "LAB" ar its subcontractors does not mean that "LAB" is approving placement of materials, Inspection is not and should nat be construed to be a warranty by "LAB" to the "CITY" ar any other party Revised January X998} Exhibit "B" Page ~ of 3 4.2 Samples collected or tested by "LAB" remain the property of the "CITY'" while in the custody of the "LAB" "LAB" will retain the samples for a period of ~a days following the date of subrr~issian of any repack related to the sample. Fallowing the retention period, "LAB" wi11 dispose of non-hazardous samples, and return hazardous, acutely taxis, ar radioactive samples and samples containers and residues to "CITY" "CITY'" agrees to accept such samples and samples containers. ARTICLE S. STANDARD OF CARE AND VI~ARRANTY Services perforr~ed by "LAB" will be conducted in a manner consistent with that level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by reputable members of the profession currently practicing under sir~ilar conditions in the same locality. Na other warranty either expressed ar implied is made ar intended by the AREEI~ENT or any reparts~ "LAB" will not be responsible far the interpretation or use by others of data developed by "LAB"~ ARTICLE G. SAFETY "CITY" and "LAB" agree that, in accordance with the generally accepted construction practice, the PROJECT' general contractor will be solely and completely responsible far working conditions on THE PROJECT, including safety of all persons and property during the performance of the work, and for compliance with all municipal, state, and federal laws, rules and regulations, including ~HA~ The duty of "LAB'" in providing services is not, therefore, to include any review of, or responsibility far, the adequacy of the PROJECT'S general contractor's safety measures in, an, ar near THE PROJECT site. A#~TICLE 7. INVOICE AND PAYItIIENT "LAB" will submit progress invoices to "CITY ENGINEER" monthly and final invoice upon completion of services Each invoice is due and payable by "CITY" within 3a days of receipt and apprava! to pay by the City Engineer, ARTICLE 8. EiCTENT DF AREEMEIVT 8.1 This AGREEMENT, including ExY~ibit "A" and these terms and conditions, represents the entire AGREEMENT between "CITY" and "LAB" and supersedes all prior negotiation, representations or agreements, written ar oral, This AGREEMENT may be ar~ended only by a written instrument signed by duly authorized representative of "CITY" and "LAB". If any conflict occurs between these terms and conditions and this AGREEMENT, these terms and conditions are cantralling. 8.2 In the event that any one ar more of the provisions contained in this AREEhJiENT are far any reason held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the remaining terms will be in full effect and this AREEMEIVT will be construed as if the invalid or unenforceable matters were never included in this AGREEMENT. No waiver of any default will be a waiver of any future default. 8.3 Neither party will assign this AGREEMENT without the express written approval of the other, but'"LAB" may subcontract laboratory procedures as "LAB" deems necessary to meet the obligations of this AGREEMENT. Revised January 1 ~95~ Exhibit "B" Page 3 of Exhibit C Mandatory Requirements INDEMNI~I~AT1N AND HOLD HARIUIL~ Lab agrees to indemnify, save harmless and defend the pity of Corpus Christi, and its officers, agents, servants and employees, and each of them against and hold it and therrw harmless from any and all lavrsuits, claims, demands, liabilities, losses and expenses, including court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees, for or on account of any injury to any person, or any death at any time resulting frorrw such injury, or any damage to any property, to the extent caused by Lab's negligent or alleged negligent performance of services covered by this contract. The foregoing indemnity shall apply except if such injury, death or damage is caused by the sole or concurrent negligence of the pity of corpus Ci'-risti, its officers, agents, servants, or employees, or any other person indemnified hereunder, +~ ~ l ~~ EHIBI~ D ~~ hr~stl CITY OFCOI~PCI~I~ITI CISCLOSUR~ OF INTERESTS City of Corpus Christi Ordinance 17112, as amended, requires ail persons or firms seeking to do business with the City to provide the fallowing information. Every question must be answered, if the question is not applicable, answer with pNA~. T ~ `/~_ •~//y/y ST~~ET.,. .. ~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~r~~~i~~.......... CITY^ .~~ ~ii~,.T. ~ ...~i4~i~~~ ~II~~ ...~.T~~....... .. FIRM is: ~ . Corporation 2. Partnership [ ] 3. Sole Owner C ] 4. Association f l ~. ether [ ] ..~,...,~ .............................................~F,.,.~~......,,.................~.,,.~..........,.........,..........,~,..~~,......,~.., ~lCL~URE ~IJETI~hI if additional space is necessary, please use the reverse side of this page or attach separate sheetF 1. State the names of each "emplayee~ of the City of Corpus Christi having an "ownership interest" constituting ~°la yr more of the ownership in the above named ufirm". Name Job Title and City Qepartment cif known} .,~~~~ . .....• .......................~FF. 11. ~............ .. ........,.....,...... .~.......~.., ......~. .......~..... ..~ ~, State the names of each "official" of the City of Corpus Christi having an "ownership interest" constituting ~°1~ ar mare of the ownership an the above named "#'irm". Name Title 3. State the names of eachboard member" of the City of Carpus Christi having an "ownership interest" constituting 3°10 or more of the ownership in the above named "firm". Marne Board, Commission ar Committee ..........~,.,~~,F~..~ ..................... ~iii~~~~F...~.........,........ ..,.. .., F~.i ~~~. r~i....~. ......., •~YFFF11.~~~....l..........•....,,. ~~~~. ~ ............. ~~~~.~~. 4. State the names of each employee ar officer of a "consultant" for the City of Carpus Christi wl~o worked on any matter related to the subject of this contract and has an "ownership interest" constituting 3°l0 or more of the ownersf~ip in the above named "firm". Name Consultant ~~~~~~ ...........................•.~.Y F111~~~~.lF..........~...•.. ...~... .. .. ~.. .. .., .... ~ if ~~~f~~lF11.~.~~ ....................~~~~~~~......,...... .~. ~.... ............, CERTI~IAT~ I certify that ell information provided is true and correct as of the date of this statement, that I have not knowingly withheld disclosure of any information requested; and that supplemental statements will be pror~ptly submitted to the City of Carpus Christi, Texas as changes occur. a .~7.. Title:... 1 ~/~"l~ T` ert~ ~n Person,,,,,..,.~F.., ~.~... •.....,YF ~~~. •.,Illi.~.~...~.....• ,~~~~~.~~.~..~ ~ .~.. •~...........~.......~~.~1 ~g $ Pfl Si nature of ertilr~yr~+ing Person:... .... .., ......,~.. Date' ~ ~..'~ ................. A.I rt .iii ~~ ~ i~~~ F~~ .~,i~~~F t~~i i..~~~~+~•~. Exhibit D Page ~ of 2 DEFINITIONS ~ "Board Member". A member of any board, commission or committee appointed ~~ the City Council of the City of Corpus Christi, Texas, b. "Employee", Any arson employed b the City of Corpus Christi, Texas, either on a full orpart time basNS, but no as an independen contractor. c. "Firm". Any anti operated for economic ain, ~rhether rofesional, industrial or commercial and Whether esta lisped to produce or dea pith a produc or service, including but not limited to, entities operated in the form of sole proprietorship, , as self,em loved person, partnership, corporation, 'Dint stock compan ,joint venture, receivership or rust and entitMes Which, for purposes of axation, are treate as nonprofit organizations, d "official". The Mayor, members of the City council, City Manager, ~epu City Mana fir, Assistant City Managers, department and division Heads and Municipal Court edges of the qty of Corpus Christi, Texas. e. "ov~nership Interest". Le al or equitable interest, vuhether actually or constructively held, in a firm, includin ~rhen sec interest~is held through n.agent, trust, estate or holding entity. "Constructive y held" refers to holdMn~ or control established through voting trusts, proxies or special terms of venture or partnership agreements. f. "Consultant". Any person or firm, such as en ineers and architects, hired by the City of Corpus Christi forthe purpose of professional consutation and recornmendat1on, ~xhihit D Page ~ of 2